Progress on Physical Field‐Regulated Micro/Nanomotors for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment

Abstract

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) are two major vasculature‐related diseases that seriously affect public health worldwide, which can cause serious death and disability. Lack of targeting effect of the traditional CCVD treatment drugs may damage other tissues and organs, thus more specific methods are needed to solve this dilemma. Micro/nanomotors are new materials that can convert external energy into driving force for autonomous movement, which can not only enhance the penetration depth and retention rates, but also increase the contact areas with the lesion sites (such as thrombus and inflammation sites of blood vessels). Physical field‐regulated micro/nanomotors using the physical energy sources with deep tissue penetration and controllable performance, such as magnetic field, light, and ultrasound, etc. are considered as the emerging patient‐friendly and effective therapeutic tools to overcome the limitations of conventional CCVD treatments. Recent efforts have suggested that physical field‐regulated micro/nanomotors on CCVD treatments could simultaneously provide efficient therapeutic effect and intelligent control. In this review, various physical field‐driven micro/nanomotors are mainly introduced and their latest advances for CCVDs are highlighted. Last, the remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the physical field‐regulated micro/nanomotors for CCVD treatments are discussed and outlined.

Polysaccharide-Based Micro/Nanomotors for Active Ingredient Delivery in Food

“…Since the 21st century, MNMs have attracted the attention of numerous researchers due to their advantages such as self-propulsion and precise positioning within a small range, and the study of MNMs has become an interdisciplinary cutting-edge research field. The driving force of MNMs has multiple sources, mainly categorized as chemical energy-driven, such as the commonly used hydrogen peroxide propulsion, physically driven by external fields like light field, , magnetic field, , acoustic field, and electric field, and biocatalytically driven by enzymes such as catalase, glucose oxidase, urease, etc. The scientific community has mostly focused on the application research of MNMs in the biomedical field, , with applications in the food sector needing further supplementation and expansion.…”