Progress on Catalytic Systems Used in Click Polymerization

Abstract

Click polymerization, a powerful synthetic technique to construct polymers with unique structures and advanced functions, is of crucial importance in the areas of polymer and material sciences. A variety of click polymerizations such as azide-alkyne, thiol-yne, amino-yne, and hydroxyl-yne reactions have been established, wherein the catalytic systems play an indispensable role in realizing these highly practical reactions based on triple-bond building blocks, as they directly influence the efficiencies of the click polymerizations and the performances of the resultant polymers. The vital employment of catalysts is reviewed and their developments from innovative discoveries to the eminent position are outlined. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in this area are also briefly discussed.

Catalyst‐Free Multicomponent Cyclopolymerizations of Diisocyanides, Activated Alkynes, and 1,4‐Dibromo‐2,3‐Butanedione: a Facile Strategy toward Functional Polyiminofurans Containing Bromomethyl Groups

“…[ 1 ] Multicomponent polymerization (MCP) has become a powerful tool for obtaining multifunctional advanced materials due to its excellent structural diversity, mild reaction conditions, and environmental benefits, and has thus attracted much attention. [ 2–11 ] In recent years, triple‐bond compounds, such as isonitriles [ 12–17 ] and alkynes, [ 18–24 ] have been widely used to prepare novel polymers through MCP. For instance, in 2018, Li et al.…”

Antibacterial properties of main-chain cationic polymers prepared through amine–epoxy ‘Click’ polymerization

“…To describe this variation, Tang and coworkers coined the term 'click' polymerization. [2][3][4][5] In this context, the reaction between the amine and epoxide functionalities is known to proceed under ambient and aqueous conditions to afford poly(b-hydroxyl amine)s. [6][7][8][9] The amineepoxy reaction is catalyst-free and generates no by-product. 10,11 Therefore, a post-polymerization purication protocol is not necessary and the polymers can be produced in a quantitative yield.…”

Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules

“…Besides, immobilizing Cu(I) catalyst on a supporting substrate provides a pathway for the next generation of CuAACP. 377,378 Various heterogeneous catalysts have been developed to reduce the concentration of copper ions to 100-200 ppm level if loaded on appropriate supports, including dimethylamino-grafted cross-linked polystyrene and modified Merrifield resin. In a recent report from Tang group, magnetic nanoparticles composed with Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Cu 2 O were used and could be recycled impressively for at least 12 times.…”