Progress of phototherapy for osteosarcoma and application prospect of blue light photobiomodulation therapy

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that mainly affects the pediatric and adolescent population; limb salvage treatment has become one of the most concerned and expected outcomes of OS patients recently. Phototherapy (PT), as a novel, non-invasive, and efficient antitumor therapeutic approach including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), has been widely applied in superficial skin tumor research and clinical treatment. OS is the typical deep tumor, and its phototherapy research faces great limitations and challenges. Surprisingly, pulse mode LED light can effectively improve tissue penetration and reduce skin damage caused by high light intensity and has great application potential in deep tumor research. In this review, we discussed the research progress and related molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in the treatment of OS, mainly summarized the status quo of blue light PBMT in the scientific research and clinical applications of tumor treatment, and outlooked the application prospect of pulsed blue LED light in the treatment of OS, so as to further improve clinical survival rate and prognosis of OS treatment and explore corresponding cellular mechanisms.

Bypassing the Heat Risk and Efficacy Limitations of Pulsed 630 nm LED Photobiomodulation Therapy for Anti-Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Prospective Randomized Cross-Over Trial

“…One possible explanation for the superior pain relief achieved through the use of pulsed PBM therapy is the pulsatile nature of the intervention, which could result in improved penetration of light into the targeted tissues [34]. This increased tissue penetration could facilitate the activation of photoreceptors and the subsequent modulation of cellular processes involved in pain perception and inflammation [9]. Furthermore, unlike CW light, pulsed light has the unique temporal characteristic of allowing the modulation of the duration and frequency of light exposure, potentially leading to more precise and targeted effects [35].…”

“…Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, also known as low-level light therapy (LLLT), is a non-thermal and non-invasive therapy that utilizes a specific spectrum of light (390-1100 nm) to modulate cellular activities and exert therapeutic effects [9]. In recent years, PBM therapy has been widely reported for treating wounds, musculoskeletal disorders, and neuropathic symptoms [10][11][12], for promoting tissue healing [13], and for relieving pain [14] and has attracted great attention in the field of biomedical research.…”

Hydrogels as local depots for on-demand therapeutic delivery: potential therapeutic approaches for tumor metastasis

“…After activation by light, PS produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can oxidize nearby biological macromolecules on tumor cells, causing cytotoxicity of tumor cells, while the photothermal agent (PTA) converts light energy into heat energy and kills tumor cells, as the tumor cells are more sensitive to high temperatures than normal cells. [104][105][106] Although phototherapy has been highly successful in tumor therapy, traditional phototherapeutic administrations have been associated with phototoxicity, limiting clinical applications. Sustained and controlled delivery of phototherapeutic agents directly to tumor sites is an effective antitumor phototherapy that minimizes off-target effects in normal tissues.…”

Effect of photobiomodulation on alleviating primary dysmenorrhea caused by PGF2α

“…Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-thermal and non-invasive therapy that utilizes specific-spectrum light (390-1100 nm) to modulate cellular activities and exert therapeutic effects [10][11][12]. In recent years, PBM therapy has been widely reported for Alzheimer's disease [13], skin rejuvenation and acne treatment [14], hair growth [15], spinal cord injury [16], and inflammation [17] and has received considerable attention in the field of biomedical research.…”