Progress of photonic crystal fibers and their applications

Chen, Wei; Li, Jinyan; Lu, Peixiang

doi:10.1007/s12200-009-0002-3

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Their combination can improve the overall performance of the sensor system in terms of power, energy scaling and discrimination of cross-sensitivities [133,134]. The reflectivity peaks from the PCF-FBG sensor have inconsistent sensitivity to external parameters which helps to attain multi-parameter measurement simultaneously, offering good stability and a wide range of broadband tuning [135][136][137][138].…”

Section: Optical Fibre-based Multiparameter Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications

Johny

Amos

Prabhu

2021

Sensors

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Oil and gas (O&G) explorations moving into deeper zones for enhanced oil and gas recovery are causing serious safety concerns across the world. The sensing of critical multiple parameters like high pressure, high temperature (HPHT), chemicals, etc., are required at longer distances in real-time. Traditional electrical sensors operate less effectively under these extreme environmental conditions and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Hence, there is a growing demand for improved sensors with enhanced measurement capabilities and also sensors that generates reliable data for enhanced oil and gas production. In addition to enhanced oil and gas recovery, the sensing technology should also be capable of monitoring the well bore integrity and safety. The sensing requirements of the O&G industry for improved sensing in deeper zones include increased transmission length, improved spatial coverage and integration of multiple sensors with multimodal sensing capability. This imposes problems like signal attenuation, crosstalks and cross sensitivities. Optical fibre-based sensors are expected to provide superior sensing capabilities compared to electrical sensors. This review paper covers a detailed review of different fibre-optic sensing technologies to identify a feasible sensing solution for the O&G industry.

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Section: Optical Fibre-based Multiparameter Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications

Johny

Amos

Prabhu

2021

Sensors

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“…However, the absorption peak at 1014 nm can produce re-absorption in the Yb 3+ -doped medium, which increases the threshold of fiber systems operating around 1000 nm [20]. High absorption cross-section of a a b s (919 nm)=4.06><10" 20 cm 2 , a a^s (976 nm)= 7.08x 10" 20 cm 2 are obtained by the equation (2). The broad absorption line and high absorption cross-section of Yb 3+doped silica glass prepared by the method show the glass can be capable of absorbing enough high pump power.…”

Section: ^ W -^J^^expc^"^" 1 ) (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For HPFL, there are many important applications in defense, industrial material processing, remote sensing, surgery, biological imaging and so on. Rare Earth (RE)-doped large mode field area photonic crystal fibers (PCF) [2][3][4][5] are well suited for the application in HPFL, especially, Yb 3+ -doped large mode area PCF is very attractive. Ytterbium ions, a two energy level system, exhibit not only a large absorption cross-section but also a broad absorption band between 800 and 1100 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Yb<sup>3+</sup>-doped silica-based glass for high power laser applications

Xia

Han

Zhou

et al. 2011

Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Electronic &Amp; Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology

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We demonstrate a novel method for preparing bulk Yb 3+ -doped fused silica glass for high power laser by solution doping and high temperature melting technique. The silica glass with high Yb 3+ concentration (5.34 x 10 20 ions/cm 3 ) is prepared. The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of Yb 3+ ions in the silica glass are recorded. Experiment results show that this glass prepared by this novel method has two strong absorption peaks at wavelength of 918 nm and 976 nm, which is suitable for diode laser pumping. Emission spectrum shows the wide emission bands extending from 900 to 1100 nm, and it has a broadband emission spectrum at wavelength of 1014 nm using model Mira 900F Ti-sapphire system as pump source. There is no thermal damage when the laser pump power is up to 100 W. Therefore, this glass is of interest as a new potential laser material serving as the core of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) for high power fiber laser applications.

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“…According to different wave-guiding principles, hollow core microstructure fibers can basically be divided into several categories: hollow core Bragg fiber, hollow core photonic band gap fiber, and hollow core antiresonant fiber (HC-ARF) [2][3][4][5]. The HC-ARF has relatively simple geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of hollow core step-index antiresonant fiber with stepped refractive indices cladding

Deng

Sima

Tan

et al. 2021

Front. Optoelectron.

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With the benefits of low latency, wide transmission bandwidth, and large mode field area, hollow-core antiresonant fiber (HC-ARF) has been a research hotspot in the past decade. In this paper, a hollow core step-index antiresonant fiber (HC-SARF), with stepped refractive indices cladding, is proposed and numerically demonstrated with the benefits of loss reduction and bending improvement. Glass-based capillaries with both high (n = 1.45) and low (as low as n = 1.36) refractive indices layers are introduced and formatted in the cladding air holes. Using the finite element method to perform numerical analysis of the designed fiber, results show that at the laser wavelengths of 980 and 1064 nm, the confinement loss is favorably reduced by about 6 dB/km compared with the conventional uniform cladding HC-ARF. The bending loss, around 15 cm bending radius of this fiber, is also reduced by 2 dB/km. The cladding air hole radius in this fiber is further investigated to optimize the confinement loss and the mode field diameter with single-mode transmission behavior. This proposed HC-SARF has great potential in optical fiber transmission and high energy delivery.

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Progress of photonic crystal fibers and their applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications

Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications

Preparation of Yb<sup>3+</sup>-doped silica-based glass for high power laser applications

Design of hollow core step-index antiresonant fiber with stepped refractive indices cladding

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Progress of photonic crystal fibers and their applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications

Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications

Preparation of Yb<sup>3&#x002B;</sup>-doped silica-based glass for high power laser applications

Design of hollow core step-index antiresonant fiber with stepped refractive indices cladding

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Product

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Preparation of Yb<sup>3+</sup>-doped silica-based glass for high power laser applications