Progress of Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

Abstract

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is defined as irregular P-P, R-R, and P-R intervals, isoelectric baseline between P waves, and ventricular rate over 100 beats/min. Although the prognosis of pediatric MAT in most patients is favorable, adverse outcomes of MAT have been reported, such as cardiogenic death (3%), respiratory failure (6%), or persistent arrhythmia (7%), due to delayed diagnosis and poorly controlled MAT. Previous studies demonstrated that pediatric MAT is associated with multiple enhanced automatic lesions located in the atrium or abnormal automaticity of a single lesion located in the pulmonary veins via multiple pathways to trigger electrical activity. Recent studies indicated that pediatric MAT is associated with the formation of a re-entry loop, abnormal automaticity, and triggering activity. The occurrence of pediatric MAT is affected by gestational disease, congenital heart disease, post-cardiac surgery, pulmonary hypertension, and infectious diseases, which promote MAT via inflammation, redistribution of the autonomic nervous system, and abnormal ion channels. However, the pathogenesis of MAT needs to be explored. This review is aimed to summarize and analyze the pathogenesis in pediatric MAT.

The characteristics and clinical analysis of Lorenz plot of neonatal atrial tachycardia

“…In addition, more serious fundamental conditions such as pulmonary illnesses and electrolyte problems were detected. The results for newborns with MAT are generally good, with the documented exception of cases with structural heart abnormalities or persistent rapid ventricular rate [17]. Our results also revealed that the MAT group had a greater risk of heart failure and stayed in the hospital longer than the other two groups.…”

Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Independent Factor Associated With Atrial Tachyarrhythmia

“…In a systemic inflammatory state, the levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), that reflect acute infection are significantly increased. Some scholars considered that the level of inflammatory factors reflecting acute infection may also have predictive value for AT [19].…”

The effect of the autonomic nervous system on the formation of cardiac arrhythmias in childhood (review)

“…Следует отметить, что в детском возрасте нозологические формы аритмий разнообразны. Особенности активности ВНС при формировании ряда НРС у взрослых, которые представлены выше, были обнаружены и в детском организме [56]. Тем не менее, хотелось бы сделать акцент на некоторых особенностях вегетативной дисфункции среди детей и подростков с аритмиями.…”