“…Despite this, it is used in most instances of numerical modelling as a guide as to whether the wave is performing as expected for the given parameters of the RDE [4,6,27,31,32,42,75,77]. Chapman and Jouguet's theory only applies to kinetic energy, disregarding the chemical energy of the reacting species, and hence, the Zel'Dovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) model is used as a more complete representation of the shock, taking into account the finite chemical reaction area directly upstream of the leading shock [3,21,45,75,[78][79][80].…”