Progress in Waste Lead Paste Recycling Technology from Spent Lead–Acid Battery in China

Xiao, Jie; Yao, Zhichao; Wang, Chengyan; Qiu, Dingfan; Chen, Yongqiang; Zhang, Yonglu; Ma, Baozhong; Gao, Wei

doi:10.1007/s40831-022-00576-y

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Hazardous substances and environmental pollution will increase in the soil, atmosphere, or water without proper disposal of waste. 15,16 Due to the entanglement of SLP and the proposed green overall recycling process, separation of the complex targeted part (SLP) from the other parts of SLABs and pretreatment of SLP are necessary. 17,18 From the perspective of lead recovery, two main types of end-of-life lead acid battery recycling technologies have been used, i.e., traditional pyrometallurgical technology and hydrometallurgical technology routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of pollution control and resource conservation, proper waste management and recycling of end-of-life batteries have ongoing arguments. Hazardous substances and environmental pollution will increase in the soil, atmosphere, or water without proper disposal of waste. , Due to the entanglement of SLP and the proposed green overall recycling process, separation of the complex targeted part (SLP) from the other parts of SLABs and pretreatment of SLP are necessary. , From the perspective of lead recovery, two main types of end-of-life lead acid battery recycling technologies have been used, i.e., traditional pyrometallurgical technology and hydrometallurgical technology routes. , Traditional high-temperature smelting followed by pyrometallurgy is still dominated in the market due to the high recovery ratio. , However, up to 1000 °C, high-temperature smelting and decomposition of PbSO 4 would emit oxides and lead particulate or lead dust . The particular hydrometallurgical process followed by electrowinning technology, which has been extensively studied and even piloted, includes USBM PLACID. − Although the electrolysis method can produce high-purity metallic lead, it consumes a large amount of electricity and produces water pollution and H 2 SiF 6 or HBF 4 in the air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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α-PbO Recovery from Spent Lead Paste by Coalesced Reduction and Sulfur Fixation

Ahsen Ilyas,

Tabish,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Recycling end-of-life lead acid batteries is essential for the recovery of lead oxide (active material of new laboratory assembly) from spent lead paste. In this approach, a low-temperature coalesced reduction and sulfur fixation process was introduced for the extraction of lead oxide from spent lead paste followed by wet chemical conversion and immobilized sulfur which usually coincide with the release of sulfur oxides and lead particulates by using traditional recycling techniques. This technique offers a facile green lead extraction alternative for endof-life lead acid batteries that is economical and environmentally benign. Herein, the phase conversion technique for PbO 2 /PbSO 4 components and impurity contents of spent lead paste were studied. Furthermore, the CH 3 OH/KOH reaction system for the reduction/desulfurization of PbO 2 /PbSO 4 was also explored briefly. Moreover, the metal impurities were efficiently removed, and 99/ 99.9% of the reduction/desulfurization efficiency of PbO 2 /PbSO 4 was achieved. As compared to pyrometallurgy and conventional hydrometallurgy, this novel technique significantly shortens flow, reduces power consumption and secondary pollution, and is excellent for commercial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-PbO Recovery from Spent Lead Paste by Coalesced Reduction and Sulfur Fixation

Ahsen Ilyas,

Tabish,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The plastic particles can be used to manufacture new lead-acid battery casings. Waste sulfuric acid can be purified for use in manufacturing new batteries, or it can be neutralized and transported to wastewater treatment plants [4,10,11]. Spent lead paste, which is mainly composed of PbO, PbSO 4 , Pb, and PbO 2 components, is the most difficult part to recycle in waste lead-acid batteries [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Quantitative Analysis Method for Lead Components in Waste Lead Paste

Zhang,

Xie,

Wang

et al. 2023

Metals

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In this study, a method for determining the lead components in waste lead paste was proposed, using simulated and spent lead paste as research objects. To compare the effectiveness of different determining methods, we selected three methods for comparison and investigated the reasons for measurement deviation. The results indicate that the measurement deviation in the current method primarily stems from the following three factors: (1) Pb is soluble in an acetic acid solution under certain conditions; (2) Pb and PbO2 undergo redox reactions; and (3) hydrogen peroxide can undergo redox reactions with Pb. It is feasible to determine the lead content using the kinetic rules of Pb and PbO2 in the acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide system. The method of determination proposed in this paper is as follows. Firstly, lead dioxide is dissolved in hydrogen peroxide under acidic conditions. Subsequently, the concentration of lead dioxide is determined, and the quantity of hydrogen peroxide consumed is recorded. Then, a new sample is taken, and the lead oxide is dissolved in an acetic acid solution. The concentration of lead oxide is determined using the EDTA·2Na titration method. The residue of lead sulfate in the filtrate is dissolved in a sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is determined using the EDTA·2Na titration method. Based on the previously recorded volume of hydrogen peroxide, the remaining lead dioxide in the residue is dissolved in a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The remaining lead dioxide is then removed from the new sample employing kinetic principles. Finally, the residual metallic lead in the sample is dissolved in a nitric acid solution, and its concentration is determined using the EDTA·2Na titration method.

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“…Then, PbCO3 powders are pyrolyzed to lead oxide powder, where the smelting temperature is reduced to below 600°C, increasing the lead recovery rate to more than 98%. [16,17] However, the complicated process still required a large amount of desulphurisation solvent while generating waste water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molten salt mediated low-temperature direct roasting of spent lead paste

Yi Yang

2024

jes

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Traditional pyrometallurgy for recovery of spent lead paste suffered from high energy consumption, massive reducing agent and toxic SOx gas emission. Here, a sustainable molten nitrate salt mediated approach was proposed to realize low-temperature (500 °C) direct roasting of waste lead paste. Efficient desulfurization could not be realized via single direct smelting of the mixture containing spent lead paste, Na2CO3 and NaNO3. The introduction of Na2CO3 desulfurizer could promote the chemical conversion with PbSO4, while the process still required relatively high temperature above 900 °C to realize relatively high desulfurization efficiency. After the introduction of NaNO3 molten salt into spent lead paste-Na2CO3 system, the original solid-solid reaction in spent lead paste-Na2CO3 system was changed to solid-liquid-solid contract, providing more reaction probability between Na2CO3 and PbSO4 phase in spent lead paste. As a result, high-purity lead oxide powders were obtained with 98.7% desulfurization and 99.2% lead recovery ratio. A profit of $378.2 per ton spent lead paste could be achieved from the economically evaluations. The proposed novel pyrometallurgy approach eliminated the emission of harmful SOx from the decomposition of PbSO4 phase and releases of lead containing wastewater, offering a robust lead oxide recovery substitute from secondary lead resources while possessing significant environmental and economic benefits.

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Progress in Waste Lead Paste Recycling Technology from Spent Lead–Acid Battery in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

α-PbO Recovery from Spent Lead Paste by Coalesced Reduction and Sulfur Fixation

α-PbO Recovery from Spent Lead Paste by Coalesced Reduction and Sulfur Fixation

A Novel Quantitative Analysis Method for Lead Components in Waste Lead Paste

Molten salt mediated low-temperature direct roasting of spent lead paste

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