Progress in warble fly eradication

Tarry, DW

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(86)90041-4

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Amongst all the effects caused by the hypoderma species, hide damage is one of the most important one (Tarry 1986). Actually, this particular cost has often been borne by farmers in the all-in price for cattle at slaughter, but the damage can necessitate the expensive import of unaffected hides from other countries where the problem does not exist (Tarry 1998).…”

Section: Economic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine hypodermosis—a global aspect

Hassan

Khan

Abubakar³

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Cattle hypodermosis (warble fly infestation) is a notorious veterinary problem throughout the world. Larvae of Hypoderma species cause a subcutaneous myiasis of domesticated and wild ruminants. This disease is caused by, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum in cattle whereas, Hypoderma diana, Hypoderma actaeon, and Hypoderma tarandi, affect roe deer, red deer, and reindeer, respectively. Adults of the cattle grub are commonly known as heel flies, warble flies, bomb flies or gad flies. The biology of hypodermosis is complex because it passes through ecto- as well as endoparasitic stages in the life cycle. The parasitic stage of hypodermosis lasts about 1 year in domesticated as well as in the wild animals, while in the adult stage, a free-living fly lasts only for few days. The diagnosis of hypodermosis is of prime importance for planning treatment and the eradication program. Generally, there are two methods that are routinely used for diagnosis of hypodermosis, i.e., the direct clinical examination and immuno diagnosis by the use of pooled serum and/or milk sample. For the control of hypodermosis, different preparations are available and their use in most of the countries is limited to an individual level but never cover the whole cattle population of a country. Re-infestation in the herd occurs due to the untreated animals that remain the reservoir of the disease. The disease causes huge economic losses in animal production due to the effect of this disease on meat, milk, and the leather industry. It can also affect the general health status as well as the immune system of the body of the diseased animals. As regards the control measures of the disease, different methods have been efficiently practiced and consequently this disease is controlled at national level in many European countries.

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Section: Economic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine hypodermosis—a global aspect

Hassan

Khan

Abubakar³

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…However, immunological techniques such as haemagglutination and ELISA have been shown (Boulard, 1'175;Sinclair & Wassal, 1983;Sinclair etal., 1984) to accurately identify parasitized cattle from the autumn onwards. ELISA is being used in Britain (Tarry, 1986) to monitor the prevalence of cattle grubs in indigenous cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of cattle grub (Hypoderma lineatum and H.bovis) (Diptera, Oestridae) using ELISA

Colwell¹,

Baron²

1990

Medical Vet Entomology

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect cattle grub-infested animals in the autumn in Alberta has been developed. Antibody to Hypoderma lineatum de Vill. was detectable as early as 6 weeks post-infestation in artificially infested steers. Peak antibody concentrations preceded the peak in maximum 'apparent' grub numbers which occurred between 37 and 43 weeks after infestation. Natural infestations with H. lineatum and H. bovis L., ranging from one to ninety-two grubs per calf, were readily detected by November and the incidence of false positives in uninfested calves was only 5%. Low level (1-4 grubs) infestations of H. bovis only became detectable in February with peak antibody concentrations occurring at the end of April. Prevalence of cattle grub infestations in southern Alberta was shown to be 37% during this study.

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“…The direct effects include reduction in the weight gain and milk production that is due to the activity of the adult fly and the grubs within the host, while the indirect effects are due to the activities of the migrating grubs and the grubs present on the back of the affected animals (Colwell 1992). Amongst all the effects caused by the hypoderma species, hide damage is one of the most important one (Tarry 1986). The young animals are more susceptible than the older ones owing to the development of immunity against the warble larvae in the latter (Karatepe and Karatepe 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine hypodermosis in indigenous cattle herd and its successful therapeutic management

et al. 2014

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Warble fly infestation in cattle is a serious problem throughout the world. In India, it is mainly reported from northern parts of the country and is caused by the larvae of Hypoderma lineatum. The disease causes huge economic losses to animal production like milk and leather industry. The present article reports the outbreak and subsequent successful treatment of Warble fly infestation from an indigenous cattle herd. The animals were clinally examined for the presence of warbles and the larvae were collected by pressing the swellings on the back. The larvae were brought to the laboratory and were morphologically examined and morphometry was done. The animals were administered specific therapy consisting of two doses of subcutaneous injection of Ivermectin at weekly intervals. The epidemiology of the disease, its patho physiological impact on the animal and various strategies for clinical management are being described in the article.

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Progress in warble fly eradication

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Bovine hypodermosis—a global aspect

Bovine hypodermosis—a global aspect

Early detection of cattle grub (Hypoderma lineatum and H.bovis) (Diptera, Oestridae) using ELISA

Bovine hypodermosis in indigenous cattle herd and its successful therapeutic management

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