Progress in used tyres management in the European Union: A review

Sienkiewicz, Maciej; Kucińska-Lipka, Justyna; Janik, Helena; Balas, Adolf

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.010

Cited by 444 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A significant proportion of the waste tyres are used in civil engineering applications such as road and rail foundations and embankments (0.24 million tonnes) re-treaded (0.26 million tonnes) or exported (0.33 million tonnes) each year (ETRMA, 2011). Sienkiewicz et al (2012) have extensively reviewed the waste treatment routes for waste tyres in the European Union and its Member States and the possible uses of waste tyres as a source of raw materials or alternative fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been great interest in alternative treatment processes for waste tyres, amongst which is the use of pyrolysis technology (Sienkiewicz et al, 2012). Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of the organic components of the tyres, at typical pyrolysis temperatures of 500°C to produce an oil, gas and char product in addition to the recovery of the steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of waste tyres: A review

2013

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Approximately 1.5 billion tyres are produced each year which will eventually enter the waste stream representing a major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat tyres to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The most common reactors used are fixed-bed (batch), screw kiln, rotary kiln, vacuum and fluidised-bed. The key influence on the product yield, and gas and oil composition, is the type of reactor used which in turn determines the temperature and heating rate. Tyre pyrolysis oil is chemically very complex containing aliphatic, aromatic, heteroatom and polar fractions. The fuel characteristics of the tyre oil shows that it is similar to a gas oil or light fuel oil and has been successfully combusted in test furnaces and engines. The main gases produced from the pyrolysis of waste tyres are H 2 , C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbons, CO 2 , CO and H 2 S. Upgrading tyre pyrolysis products to high value products has concentrated on char upgrading to higher quality carbon black and to activated carbon. The use of catalysts to upgrade the oil to a aromatic-rich chemical feedstock or the production of hydrogen from waste tyres has also been reported. Examples of commercial and semi-commercial scale tyre pyrolysis systems show that small scale batch reactors and continuous rotary kiln reactors have been developed to commercial scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of waste tyres: A review

2013

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“…Due to their highly complex nature, composition of the raw material and the structure of the rubber from which tyres are manufactured, waste tyres are difficult to recycle [10]. The re-use of waste tyres is defined as "the utilization of waste tyres, in whole or in parts, without changing the composition of the tyre".…”

Section: Recycling and Re-usementioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Tyre Management in Gauteng, South Africa: Government, Industry and Community Perceptions

Muzenda¹,

Popa²

2015

IJESD

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Abstract-Waste tyres have accumulated at landfills in South Africa, some are illegally dumped in open spaces or sold. This work discusses the waste tyre problem in South Africa as well as the environmental and economic benefits of waste tyre utilization for green fuels. The perceptions of government, industry and community on waste tyre management were investigated. To achieve the objectives a triangulation procedure was followed. This included personnel interviews, questionnaires and literature analysis. The research has shown that lack of knowledge particularly in the informal sector contributed to the waste tyre management problem. The lack of clear and focused legislation guiding the disposal and recycling of waste tyres remains a challenge. Pyrolysis was found to have the potential to address the waste tyre problem with the potential to reduce environmental impact and also contribute towards a green economy.

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“…Fatigue cracking manifests itself in the early life of an asphaltic pavement and as the cracks develop and the exposed areas become susceptible to the elements, the rutting process is enhanced (Mezger, 2006). The improvement in service life and performance of road pavements has received much research attention as it offers significant economic value and any modifications of asphaltic blends are designed mainly to increase the pavement service lifespan and performance of the asphalt pavement (Sienkiewicz et al, 2012) The use of waste polymeric materials as modifiers for the improvement of performance of asphalt pavement material has been promising (Muhammad, 2016;Sienkiewicz et al, 2012). A recent study (Rokade, 2012) incorporating waste polymeric materials in flexible highway pavements demonstrated that the added waste polymeric materials improved the engineering properties of base asphaltic material and also provided a low cost solution to the environmental and ecological threat resulting from by the rapid increase in disposal of waste polymeric materials (Rokade, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rutting and Fatigue Cracking Susceptibility of Polystyrene Modified Asphalt

Mohamed¹,

Ramlochan²,

Maharaj³

2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The absence of studies investigating the influence of waste Polystyrene (PS) on the performance characteristics of rutting resistance and fatigue cracking resistance of the indigenous asphaltic materials Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB), has hindered the possible use of PS as a performance enhancer as observed with other asphalts from different sources thus also developing a sustainable approach for the disposal of PS. The influence of PS on TLA and TPB was investigated by measuring the rheological properties of complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) of prepared blends and calculating the fatigue cracking resistance and rutting resistance parameters (G*sin δ and G*/sin δ respectively). The addition of PS to TLA resulted in an increase in the fatigue cracking resistance as well as the rutting resistance compared to the pure TPB binder. Despite having improvements in rutting resistance due to PS addition, the fatigue cracking resistance of the TPB parent binders were superior compared with the PS modified TPB blends. The incremental increase in temperatures for TPB and TLA based blends resulted in gradual improvements in their fatigue cracking resistances but gradual deterioration in the rutting resistance of the modified blends. The conclusions were identical for both the Research Program Super pave specification and the Strategic Highway Research Program specifications. There is strong rheological evidence of the possibility to utilize waste PS as an asphalt performance enhancer for both TLA and TPB thus creating a sustainable strategy for the reuse of waste PS.

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Progress in used tyres management in the European Union: A review

Cited by 444 publications

References 38 publications

Pyrolysis of waste tyres: A review

Pyrolysis of waste tyres: A review

Waste Tyre Management in Gauteng, South Africa: Government, Industry and Community Perceptions

Rutting and Fatigue Cracking Susceptibility of Polystyrene Modified Asphalt

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