Progress in upcycling polylactic acid waste as an alternative carbon source: A review

Sun, Ce; Wei, Shuangying; Tan, Hongbo; Huang, Yinglai; Zhang, Yanhua

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.136881

Cited by 89 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…This indicates that the CSF/PLA composites are not two independent decomposition processes of CSF and PLA. It can be found that the interactions between CSF and PLA affected the pyrolysis process of composites and a synergistic effect occurred by the temperature of maximum mass loss rate [ 44 ]. Among them, phytic acid can be used as a catalyst to accelerate the degradation of PLA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber

Wang

Sun

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In recent years, under the pressure of resource shortage and white pollution, the development and utilization of biodegradable wood-plastic composites (WPC) has become one of the hot spots for scholars’ research. Here, corn straw fiber (CSF) was chosen to reinforce a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix with a mass ratio of 3:7, and the CSF/PLA composites were obtained by melt mixing. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the corn straw fiber core (CSFC) and corn straw fiber skin (CSFS) loaded PLA composites were stronger than those of the CSFS/PLA composites when the particle size of CSF was low. The tensile strength and bending strength of CSFS/CSFC/PLA are 54.08 MPa and 87.24 MPa, respectively, and the elongation at break is 4.60%. After soaking for 8 hours, the water absorption of CSF/PLA composite reached saturation. When the particle size of CSF is above 80 mesh, the saturated water absorption of the material is kept below 7%, and CSF/PLA composite has good hydrophobicity, which is mainly related to the interfacial compatibility between PLA and CSF. By observing the microstructure of the cross section of the CSF/PLA composite, the research found that the smaller the particle size of CSF, the smoother the cross section of the composite and the more unified the dispersion of CSF in PLA. Therefore, exploring the composites formed by different components of CSF and PLA can not only expand the application range of PLA, but also enhance the application value of CSF in the field of composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber

Wang

Sun

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…In this regard, the chemical end-of-life scenario of short-life PLA is essential to determine its sustainability and circular economy, where monomer regeneration occurs, or value-added chemicals are produced. Chemical degradation of PLA generally includes hydrolysis, pyrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis [ 8 ]. A serious of products were derived from the above recycling options, such as lactic acid [ 9 , 10 ], lactide [ 11 , 12 ], lactate ester [ 13 , 14 ], biofuel [ 15 , 16 ], and others [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Tandem Alcoholysis-Hydrogenation of Polylactic Acid to 1,2-Propanediol

Zhou

Qin

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The chemical recycling of end-of-life polylactic acid (PLA) plays roles in mitigating environmental pressure and developing circular economy. In this regard, one-pot tandem alcoholysis and hydrogenation of PLA was carried out to produce 1,2-propanediol, which is a bulk chemical in polymer chemistry. In more detail, the commercially available Raney Co was employed as the catalyst, and transformation was conducted in ethanol, which acted as nucleophilic reagent and solvent. Single-factor analysis and Box–Behnken design were used to optimize the reaction conditions. Under the optimized condition, three kinds of PLA materials were subjected to degradation. Additionally, 74.8 ± 5.5%, 76.5 ± 6.2%, and 71.4 ± 5.7% of 1,2-propanediol was yielded from PLA powder, particle, and straws, respectively, which provided a recycle protocol to convert polylactic acid waste into value-added chemicals.

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“…At present, the annual production capacity of global industrialized PLA has reached hundreds of thousands of tons and is still growing rapidly. 32 The catalyst used in the industrial production of PLA is mainly stannous octoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ). Most of the Mg, Zn, and Fe complexes described in the previous studies are sensitive and expensive, which are not comparable to Sn(Oct) 2 in the industrial production of PLA.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the annual production capacity of global industrialized PLA has reached hundreds of thousands of tons and is still growing rapidly . The catalyst used in the industrial production of PLA is mainly stannous octoate ( Sn(Oct) 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Initiation of Epoxides: Activated Metal Salt Catalysts for Cyclic Ester Polymerization

Duan

Liu

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A strategy derived from in situ initiation of epoxides is applied for the polymerization of cyclic esters. Using this strategy, a series of stable, inexpensive, and lowtoxicity Mg, Zn, and Fe salts have been demonstrated as catalysts in the polymerization. The activity of these salts was investigated by kinetic studies and in situ infrared spectroscopy. The end-group analysis of the polymers provides strong evidence for the mechanism of in situ initiation by epoxides. In the bulk polymerization of lactide (LA), FeCl 3 showed remarkable activity. Under 0.02% loading, FeCl 3 can catalyze LA polymerization with 98% monomer conversion to produce polylactide (PLA) with an M n value of 142.0 kg/mol. In general, the residual lactic acid in LA is difficult to remove and affects the molecular weight of PLA. However, using the strategy of in situ initiation of epoxides, even with the loading of 5% lactic acid, FeCl 3 can still catalyze polymerization to produce PLA, while in the presence of 500 ppm lactic acid, FeCl 3 can catalyze polymerization to produce the PLA with an M n value of 80.8 kg/mol. This strategy was also suitable to the commercial catalyst Sn(Oct) 2 for LA polymerization. In the presence of epoxides, Sn(Oct) 2 can catalyze the polymerization even with 200 ppm loading of lactic acid. With 0.03% Sn(Oct) 2 , as high as 99% of LA was converted, and the polymer showed a molar mass of 125.0 kg/mol. This research reduced the requirement of LA purity for polymerization and provided a new catalytic strategy for the industrial production of PLA.

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Progress in upcycling polylactic acid waste as an alternative carbon source: A review

Cited by 89 publications

References 163 publications

Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber

Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber

One-Pot Tandem Alcoholysis-Hydrogenation of Polylactic Acid to 1,2-Propanediol

In Situ Initiation of Epoxides: Activated Metal Salt Catalysts for Cyclic Ester Polymerization

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