Progress in understanding the coking behavior of typical catalysts in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Abstract

Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical method to upgrade the fuel property of bio-oil through the deoxygenation of volatiles obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass.

A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress

“…107 In the noncatalytic process, sand was used as the bed material. Compared to sand, olivine reduced the content of tar from 26 to 20 g per Nm 3 , which showed the low tendency of olivine for the cracking of tar. As a result, the yield of gas increased slightly from 1.25 to 1.30 Nm 3 per kg of feedstock.…”

“…The catalyst loading (the mass ratio of the catalyst to biomass) was selected as 0, 15 and 30 wt%. The loading of more catalyst and higher temperature reduced the content of tar and enhanced the amount of H 2 and CO. For instance, by the increase of temperature from 700 to 900 °C (a mixture of 20 wt% coconut shells and 80 wt% oil palm and catalyst loading of 15 wt%), the yield of tar reduced from 14.23 to 2.12 g per Nm 3 , which was due to the higher rate of cracking reaction over dolomite at 900 °C. In addition, in the gas phase, the content of H 2 increased from 7.81 to 13.68 v% and the content of CO increased from 11.48 to 17.65 v%.…”

“…The continuous steam gasication of pine wood sawdust in a conical spouted-bed reactor at 850 °C was carried out by Cortazar et al 107 Olivine was selected as the catalyst and bed material (catalyst to biomass mass ratio was 5 wt%). The yield of gas was measured to be 1.3 Nm 3 per kg and the concentration of tar in the gas phase was 21 g per Nm 3 . The amount of H 2 in the gas phase was 43 v% and the amount of CO was measured to be 30 v%.…”

“…Fossil fuels contribute signicantly to air pollution by releasing greenhouse gases, [1][2][3][4] In addition, their resources are also depleting. [1][2][3][4] Therefore, renewable energy got the interest of technologists.…”

“…Fossil fuels contribute signicantly to air pollution by releasing greenhouse gases, [1][2][3][4] In addition, their resources are also depleting. [1][2][3][4] Therefore, renewable energy got the interest of technologists. Biomass as a cheap and the most abundant source of energy can be converted to a gas fuel or a liquid fuel, which can be used as a fuel for vehicles or an energy source for factories.…”