Progress in thermochemical energy storage for concentrated solar power: A review

Abstract

Summary Energy plays an important role in a fast‐paced modern society. With the depletion of fossil energy, effective utilization of solar energy is getting increasingly urgent. Thermal energy storage is an inevitable choice for effective utilization of renewable energy sources. As one of the most promising renewable energy sources, solar energy is inexhaustible. But it has some shortcomings such as instability and intermittency, affected by time, climate, and geographical location. Thermal energy storage technology, which can effectively reduce the cost of concentrated solar power generation, plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between energy supply and demand. In addition, thermal energy storage subsystem can improve performance and reliability of the whole energy system. According to different principles, thermal storage technology is generally classified as sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical energy storage. Most solar thermal power generation systems, currently demonstrated and operated in the world, adopt the method of sensible thermal energy storage. In contrast, thermochemical energy storage is a relatively new concept, which is still in the stage of basic test and verification. Thermochemical energy storage technology stores and releases energy through endothermic and exothermic reversible reactions. A closed system with separated reactants and products, in theory, can store energy indefinitely. The main thermochemical energy storage systems include redox system, metal hydride system, carbonate decomposition system, ammonia decomposition system, methane reforming system, and inorganic hydroxide system.

Locating experts and carving out the state of the art: A systematic review on Industry 4.0 and energy system analysis

“…Regarding the content-based, qualitative part of our review, we contribute to the scientific discussion by further enhancing the focus and providing a more extensive overview. While existing reviews have focused on single technologies such as the operation and implementation of SGs, [118][119][120][121][122] possible applications for heat pumps in future energy systems, 41,123 the assessment of different storage technologies to provide sustainable energy, 92,[124][125][126][127][128][129][130] or district heating systems, 131 our contribution is to provide a structured overview about ongoing discussions on the potentials and challenges of different technologies and different market applications. We thereby provide a comprehensive summary regarding the current state of the art at the intersection of Industry 4.0 and technologies in a future SES as analyzed by ESA.…”

Facile synthesis of highly tunable monodispersed calcium hydroxide composite particles by using a two-step ion exchange reaction

“…"Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ]" is applied broadly in wall painting, 1 stone and wood conservation, 2 rapid and highvolume water treatment, thermochemical energy storage in solar power plants, 3 and to enhance the thermal stability of carbon nano-tubes. 4 In addition, Ca(OH) 2 is a valuable material for reducing "sulfur dioxide (SO 2 )" of ue gas, 5 controlling SO 2 emission during the incineration process 6 and the drydesulfurization process, 7 and as an advanced material for biomedical applications.…”

An updated review of energy storage systems: Classification and applications in distributed generation power systems incorporating renewable energy resources

“…Whereas in sensible heat storage system, there is not any change in the phase of the heat storing media, but a change in temperature of the storage media (rock, wood, oil, etc) is utilized to store heat . In thermochemical heat energy system, a large amount of heat can be stored in reversible chemical reactions and sorption process by utilizing thermochemical materials (TCMs) like metallic hydrides (magnesium hydride, calcium hydride), carbonates (lead carbonates, calcium carbonates), oxides, and other organic materials …”

“…178 In thermochemical heat energy system, a large amount of heat can be stored in reversible chemical reactions and sorption process by utilizing thermochemical materials (TCMs) like metallic hydrides (magnesium hydride, calcium hydride), carbonates (lead carbonates, calcium carbonates), oxides, and other organic materials. 179,180 Pumped TES system, as shown in Figure 15, consisting of two pairs of four turbomachines with each pair having one turbine and one compressor, is yet another technology to store heat energy. There is a high-temperature and a low-temperature vessel each which are connected to each other by pipes at the top and bottom.…”