Progress in the Synthesis of Energetic Salts Based on Pyrazole

Abstract

The pyrazole ring has three modifiable carbon sites and one modifiable NH site. Based on the pyrazole ring, a variety of pyrazole energetic compounds can be designed by the introduction of nitro, nitramino, amino and hydroxyl group and the formation of fused rings. At the same time, compared with conventional energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-triazine (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), energetic pyrazoles have the advantages of high nitrogen content, high enthalpy of formation and low sensitivities. In recent years, a large number of energetic salts based on pyrazole have been designed and synthesized around the world, including monocyclic energetic salts, bicyclic energetic salts and fused energetic salts based on pyrazole. Many of them exhibit the characteristics of high energy and low sensitivity. The synthesis and properties of recently reported energetic salts based on pyrazole are reviewed, and their applications in the field of energetic materials are prospected.

Copper-catalyzed reactions of α,β-unsaturatedN-tosylhydrazones with diaryliodonium salts to constructN-arylpyrazoles and diaryl sulfones

“…N -Arylpyrazole derivatives have attracted increasing attention due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. 1 Some of them have been commercialized as pharmaceuticals, such as lonazolac, 2 a rimonabant, 2 b and celecoxib 2 c (Fig. 1, top).…”