Progress in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Three Regions of Tanzania: A Retrospective Analysis

Buchanan, Ann M.; Dow, Dorothy; Massambu, Charles; Nyombi, Balthazar; Shayo, Aisa; Musoke, Rahma; Feng, Sheng; Bartlett, John A.; Cunningham, Coleen K.; Schimana, Werner

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088679

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Consistent with other East African studies [14, 16, 24], nearly three quarters of mothers secured EID testing for their infant before 7 weeks of age. Nevertheless, more than a quarter of infants who needed testing did not receive it in a timely manner.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Predictors of Infant Age at Enrollment in Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya

et al. 2016

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Despite the importance of early detection to signal lifesaving treatment initiation for HIV+ infants, early infant diagnosis (EID) services have received considerably less attention than other aspects of prevention of mother to child transmission care. This study draws on baseline data from an on-going cluster randomized study of an intervention to improve EID services at six government hospitals across Kenya. Two logistic regressions examined potential predictors of “on time” (infant ≤6 weeks of age) vs. “late” (≥7 weeks) and “on time” versus “very late” (≥12 weeks) EID engagement among 756 mother-infant pairs. A quarter of the infants failed to get “on time” testing. Predictors of “on time” testing included being informed about EID by providers when pregnant, perceiving less HIV stigma, and mother’s level of education. Predictors of “very late” testing (≥12 weeks of age) included not being informed about EID by providers when pregnant and living farther from services. Findings highlight the importance of ensuring that health care providers actively and repeatedly inform HIV+ mothers of the availability of EID services, reduce stigma by frequently communicating judgment free support, and assisting mothers in early planning for accessing EID services. Extra care should be focused on engaging mothers with less formal education who are at increased risk for seeking “late” EID testing. This study offers clear targets for improving services so that all HIV-exposed infants can be properly engaged in EID services, thus increasing the potential for the best possible outcomes for this vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Predictors of Infant Age at Enrollment in Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya

et al. 2016

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“…An overall prevalence of 16.98% of postnatal HIV was observed in a study on PMTCT published in 2010 (10). In Tanzania, an overall MTCT prevalence rate of 6.3% was reported, with infants on exclusive breastfeeding at the time of first DBS PCR was 86.5% (11). Another research in eastern Cameroon, published in 2013, reported that 50% of the infants were exclusively breastfed and based on the first PCR tests data, an overall prevalence of 11.6% was reported (12).…”

Section: Les Hypothèses Testées éTaient L'influence De L'utilisation mentioning

confidence: 98%

Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (eMTCT) in Western Nigeria: how far have we gone?

Usman¹,

Agboola²,

Afe³

et al. 2018

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: HIV pandemic has continued to be a huge challenge in Nigeria, with the problem of stigmatization reducing the chances of early determination of the HIV status of pregnant women, which may increase the chances of transmission to the child from the mother. Hypotheses tested were the influence of maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and infant's feeding option on baby's final early infant diagnosis (EID) outcome. The study was aimed at determining the trend as well as diagnosis of HIV infection in exposed infants. It will also determine among infants the factors associated with the transmission of the infection from their mothers. Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study of HIV-exposed infants conducted in Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria, between June 2015 and June 2017. Dried Blood Spots (DBS) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique. All data were statistically analyzed, using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and statistical test of significance was performed with Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 200 infants were included in the study, 91 (45.5%) female and 109 (54.5%) male. Three (1.5%) babies were confirmed positive after cessation of all exposures. Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) use has significant effect on baby early infant diagnosis (EID) outcome (χ² = 65.40, df = 2, P = 0.001). Infant feeding option has significant effect on baby early infant diagnosis (EID) outcome (χ² = 132.67, df = 2, P = 0.001). Baby's mode of delivery have higher association with the final EID outcome of the baby (OR: 1.018, 95% CI: 0.998-1.038). Conclusion: ART administration to both HIV-infected mothers and their babies has demonstrated an effective mechanism in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT), as this is evident in the very low positivity outcome. However, the degree to which Cuba, Armenia, Belarus, and Thailand have eliminated HIV transmission from mother-to-baby is achievable in Nigeria through provision of universal access to health care.

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“…The Ministry of Health and Social Services and its developmental partners have done a lot in the prevention of HIV targeting specific groups: For example: Ministry of Health and Social Services through collaboration with many individuals, agencies and organisations developed guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to provide the basis for a national standard of care to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV infections in all health facilities [2]. Schools educate children from age six to twelve about HIV prevention.…”

Section: Problem Statement and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that hundred and fifty nine thousand seven hundred and forty four adults over the age of 15 years are living with HIV//AIDS in Namibia (1,159,744). In Namibia adult patients are those reporting to health facilities aged from 13 years old and above [1,2] Adolescent is any person between ages ten and nineteen years [3]. Communication is the act of sharing or exchanging thoughts or information [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual Issues and HIV Prevention, at Otjomuise Clinic, Namibia

Mkandawire¹,

Iipinge²

2018

J Comm Pub Health Nurs

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This research looks at parent-adolescent communication on sexual issues and HIV prevention at Otjomuise clinic in Windhoek-Namibia. The literature review showed that parent-adolescent communication about sexual issues and HIV prevention is rare especially in Africa because of lack of skills, information and cultural beliefs. The aim of the study is to investigate parental communication with their adolescents about sexual issues and HIV prevention. The Specific objectives were: To investigate whether parents communicated with their adolescents on sexual issues and HIV prevention. To explore type of information that was communicated. To determine challenges encountered in communicating with their adolescents. To seek suggestions from parents on how to improve communication between parents and adolescents regarding sexual issues and HIV prevention.Qualitative design was used. A total of 20 participants were purposively selected and semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. The research revealed that some parents do discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention with their adolescents but not a lot. The information that they discuss is mainly abstinence. The challenges that parents encounter during discussions are lack of skills and information to initiate the discussion and cultural beliefs that do not expect a parent to discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention with their own children.Parents suggested two things in order to improve parent-adolescent discussions on sexual issues and HIV prevention: (i) That institutions like schools should provide education on sexual issues and HIV prevention. (ii) That the government should train the parents on how to discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention with their childrenThe researcher recommends that parent-teachers associations be established so that parents can learn from teachers on how to discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention. Together teachers and parents can discuss on how to educate adolescents about abstinence plus any related issues.

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Progress in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Three Regions of Tanzania: A Retrospective Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Predictors of Infant Age at Enrollment in Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya

Predictors of Infant Age at Enrollment in Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya

Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (eMTCT) in Western Nigeria: how far have we gone?

An Exploratory Study of Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual Issues and HIV Prevention, at Otjomuise Clinic, Namibia

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