Progress in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and new drug development

Huang, Yazhuo; Fang, Sijie; Zhang, Shuo; Zhou, Huifang

doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_18_20

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The underlying reason determines the origin of the higher orbital content. Graves ophthalmopathy causes extraocular muscle growth and orbital adipose tissue expansion due to aberrant hyaluronic acid buildup and edema collection into the retro-orbital space (Huang et al, 2020). T cells detect thyroid-orbit antigens and infiltrate the orbit and extraocular muscle perimysium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occuli dextra proptosis in symptomatic hiperthyroidism with diffuse goitre in 45 year old woman: A case report with literature review

Timotius,

Putra,

Johansen

et al. 2023

jika

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Hyperthyroid is refers to increased of thyroid synthesis hormon production by the thyroid gland that cause an excessive amount thyroid homrone circulate in the blood and eventually cause protrusion of unilateral or both eyes at the anterior out of the orbit due to an increased orbital content within the rigid bony orbit. We report the case of 45 -year-old woman with major complaints of blurred vision on her right eye. Blurred vision on this patient is without a red eye but have a tension on his eye that feel like going out. On local examination of the neck area, there was visible mass during inspection, and on palpation there mass in the neck area. On laboratory examination, TSHs levels were 0.085 uIU/mL, FT4 levels were 12.8 pmol/L, creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL, Calcium was 1.23 mmol/L, Natrium 134 mmol/L, Kalium 3.30 mmol/L. On Colli ultrasound, multiple lymphadenopathy were found on the right and left Colli measuring 1.65 cm x 0.6 cm in the right Colli and 2.10 cm x 0.35 cm in the left Colli and on Head CT-scan with contrast orbita centration, Brain edema and proptosis on occuli dextra were found. The patient underwent oral therapy using propylthiouracil and intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Administered intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy show a significant decrease on grave opthalmopathy severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occuli dextra proptosis in symptomatic hiperthyroidism with diffuse goitre in 45 year old woman: A case report with literature review

Timotius,

Putra,

Johansen

et al. 2023

jika

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“…These studies suggested that pathological angiogenesis and damage repair are strictly regulated by m6A modification subsequent to corneal chemical burns. Graves' Ophthalmopathy GO, also called thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is an orbital disorder of autoimmune pathology that predominantly attacks extraocular muscles (EOMs) and is the most common extrathyroidal symptom of Graves' disease [63] . The clinical features of GO are complicated, including double vision, exophthalmos, eyelid retraction, diplopia, restrictive strabismus, exposure keratopathy, and optic neuropathy [64][65] .…”

Section: M6a Modification In Ocular Surface Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in N6-methyladenosine modification in ocular surface diseases

Wang¹

2023

Int J Ophthalmol

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a reversible process promoted by “writers”, inhibited by “erasers”, and processed by “readers”. During the last decade, increasing emphasis has been placed on the underlying roles of m6A modification owing to their great importance in biological significance. The abnormal regulation of m6A modification will lead to aberrant cellular behavior and various diseases. Recently, studies have demonstrated that m6A modification is closely associated with the genesis and progression of ocular surface diseases (OSDs). This review focus on the role of m6A modification and research progress in OSDs including fungal keratitis, herpes simplex keratitis, immune-related keratoconjunctival diseases, pterygium, ocular chemical burns, and Graves’ ophthalmopathy, which may provide new insights into and prospective applications for OSDs.

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“…The pathological hallmarks of TAO include orbital inflammatory infiltration, over-production of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans, de novo adipogenesis, and tissue fibrosis. In the presence of genetic, autoimmune and environmental factors, autoimmune T cells, B cells, and OF are activated by unbalanced immune tolerance, resulting in a series of inflammatory responses, including cellular and humoral immunity [ 21 , 22 ]. The overproduction of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan (HA), leads to orbital tissue edema, which, together with de novo adipogenesis, causes orbital tissue expansion [ 6 , 18 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Taomentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

Hai

Lee

Chen

et al. 2023

J Endocrinol Invest

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Purpose Orbital fibroblasts (OF) are considered the central target cells in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), which comprises orbital inflammation, orbital tissue edema, adipogenesis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and autophagy. Certain active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in pre-clinical studies and they could be translated into novel therapeutic strategies. Methods The pertinent and current literature of pre-clinical studies on TAO investigating the effects of active ingredients of TCM was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database. Results Eleven TCM compounds demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in-vitro and three of them (polydatin, curcumin, and gypenosides) resulted in improvement in TAO mouse models. Tanshinone IIA reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and adipogenesis. Both resveratrol and its precursor polydatin displayed anti-oxidative and anti-adipogenic properties. Celastrol inhibited inflammation and triptolide prevented TAO-OF activation, while icariin inhibited autophagy and adipogenesis. Astragaloside IV reduced inflammation via suppressing autophagy and inhibited fat accumulation as well as collagen deposition. Curcumin displayed multiple actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-adipogenic, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects via multiple signaling pathways. Gypenosides reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue fibrosis, as well as oxidative stress mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Dihydroartemisinin inhibited OF proliferation, inflammation, hyaluronan (HA) production, and fibrosis. Berberine attenuated inflammation, HA production, adipogenesis, and fibrosis. Conclusions Clinical trials of different phases with adequate power and sound methodology will be warranted to evaluate the appropriate dosage, safety and efficacy of these compounds in the management of TAO.

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Progress in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and new drug development

Cited by 10 publications

References 80 publications

Occuli dextra proptosis in symptomatic hiperthyroidism with diffuse goitre in 45 year old woman: A case report with literature review

Occuli dextra proptosis in symptomatic hiperthyroidism with diffuse goitre in 45 year old woman: A case report with literature review

Recent progress in N6-methyladenosine modification in ocular surface diseases

Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

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