Progress in the mechanical enhancement of hydrogels: Fabrication strategies and underlying mechanisms

Lin, Xuan; Zhao, Xianwei; Xu, Chongzhi; Wang, Lili; Xia, Yanzhi

doi:10.1002/pol.20220154

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Conversely, the tensile strength, elongation at break and compressive strength of PVA hydrogels improved with longer freezing duration because of the increased crosslinking degree ( Figure 1 g–i). It is well-known that the crosslinking degree benefits mechanical strength because a higher crosslinking degree results in a denser hydrogel structure [ 12 , 25 , 26 ]. In addition to mechanical strength, the crosslinking degree affects hydrogel adhesion simultaneously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Crosslinking Degree of Hydrogels on Hydrogel Adhesion

Kumar

et al. 2022

Gels

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The development of adhesive hydrogel materials has brought numerous advances to biomedical engineering. Hydrogel adhesion has drawn much attention in research and applications. In this paper, the study of hydrogel adhesion is no longer limited to the surface of hydrogels. Here, the effect of the internal crosslinking degree of hydrogels prepared by different methods on hydrogel adhesion was explored to find the generality. The results show that with the increase in crosslinking degree, the hydrogel adhesion decreased significantly due to the limitation of segment mobility. Moreover, two simple strategies to improve hydrogel adhesion generated by hydrogen bonding were proposed. One was to keep the functional groups used for hydrogel adhesion and the other was to enhance the flexibility of polymer chains that make up hydrogels. We hope this study can provide another approach for improving the hydrogel adhesion generated by hydrogen bonding.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Crosslinking Degree of Hydrogels on Hydrogel Adhesion

Kumar

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…The relatively low mechanical strength of hydrogels limits their application in tissue engineering to mainly soft tissues, such as skin [ 146 , 149 , 150 ]. Nonetheless, hydrogels have been proven to be useful in EV research.…”

Section: Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods

Ester

Day

2023

Pharmaceutics

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In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain significant challenges. When using 3D culture methods, such as scaffolds and bioreactors, large numbers of cells can be expanded and the cell environment can be manipulated to control the cell phenotype. This has been employed to successfully increase the production of EVs as well as to enhance their therapeutic effects. The physiological relevance of 3D cultures, such as spheroids, has also provided a strategy for understanding the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of several diseases and to evaluate their role as tools to deliver drugs. Additionally, 3D culture methods can encapsulate EVs to achieve more sustained therapeutic effects as well as prevent premature clearance of EVs to enable more localised delivery and concentrated exosome dosage. This review highlights the opportunities and drawbacks of different 3D culture methods and their use in EV research.

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“…9 Over the past several decades, there has been growing interest in developing superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-based hydrogels [10][11][12] that can absorb and retain extremely large volumes of water relative to their own mass, which are significant for a wide range of applications including flood and drought situations, but also hygiene products, 13 wound dressings, 14 drug delivery devices, 15 and agricultural systems, 12 among other commodities, biomedical, energy or environmental directions. [16][17][18] Petroleum-based SAP hydrogels have played significant roles, owing to their well-defined and tailorable structures, tunable physical properties, as well as long service lifetimes. [19][20][21] For instance, crosslinked polyacrylate is one of the most well-known superabsorbent materials, comprised of anionic polyelectrolytes with negatively-charged carboxylates along the main chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐derived superabsorbent hydrogel materials based on mechanically‐interlocked slide‐ring and triblock copolymer topologies

Pang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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A series of glucose-based degradable superabsorbent hydrogels with potential to tackle issues associated with sustainability, flooding, and drought has been designed and fabricated. These hydrophilic networks were constructed through integrating glucose as a primary building block -into cyclic oligomers and block polymers, which were combined into mechanically-interlocked slide-ring crosslinked materials. Crosslinking of slide ring α-cyclodextrin/poly(ethylene glycol)-type polyrotaxanes with acid-functionalized ABA triblock copolymers comprised of mercaptopropionic acid-functionalized poly(glucose carbonate (ethyl propargyl carbonate))-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-mercaptopropionic acid-functionalized poly(glucose carbonate (ethyl propargyl carbonate)), afforded degradable superabsorbent hydrogels through establishment of chemically-labile ester linkages, in addition to glycosidic and carbonate groups of the polymer precursors. With an emphasis on development of fundamental synthetic design strategies to achieve high-performance superabsorbent hydrogels that could behave as robust materials, which are derived from natural components and exhibit hydrolytic degradability, effort went into optimization of the composition, structure, and topology leading to water uptake capacities >30Â by mass. Investigations of composition-structure-topologymorphology effects on properties as a function of variations of PEG main chain length, degree of α-cyclodextrin coverage, and concentration of pregel solution, indicated that the slide-ring polymer and triblock copolymer networks feature high water uptake, tunable mechanical properties, and sustainability with construction from renewable natural products and inbuilt degradability.

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Progress in the mechanical enhancement of hydrogels: Fabrication strategies and underlying mechanisms

Cited by 75 publications

References 103 publications

The Effect of Crosslinking Degree of Hydrogels on Hydrogel Adhesion

The Effect of Crosslinking Degree of Hydrogels on Hydrogel Adhesion

Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods

Glucose‐derived superabsorbent hydrogel materials based on mechanically‐interlocked slide‐ring and triblock copolymer topologies

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