Progress in the Development of Flame Retardants

Drehe, Madalina; Simulescu, Vasile; Ilia, Gheorghe

doi:10.1515/revce.2008.24.6.263

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…During the last decades, different organophosphorus compounds like phosphoramidic derivatives [14], phosphates, phosphonates [15], phosphine derivatives, and phosphonium salts have been developed and used for their fire-retardancy properties [16,17]. Such compounds simultaneously suppress flames in both the gas phase and the condensed phase.…”

Section: Solid Polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus-Containing Polymer Electrolytes for Li Batteries

Varan,

Merghes,

Plesu

et al. 2024

Batteries

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Lithium-ion polymer batteries, also known as lithium-polymer, abbreviated Li-po, are one of the main research topics nowadays in the field of energy storage. This review focuses on the use of the phosphorus containing compounds in Li-po batteries, such as polyphosphonates and polyphosphazenes. Li-po batteries are mini-devices, capable of providing power for any portable gadget. From a constructive point of view, Li-po batteries contain an anode (carbon), a cathode (metal oxide), and a polymer electrolyte, which could be liquid electrolytes or solid electrolytes. In general, a divider is used to keep the anode and cathode from touching each other directly. Since liquid electrolytes have a generally high ionic conductivity, they are frequently employed in Li-ion batteries. In the last decade, the research in this field has also focused on solving safety issues, such as the leakage of electrolytes and risk of ignition due to volatile and flammable organic solvents. The research topics in the field of Li-po remain focused on solving safety problems and improving performance.

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Section: Solid Polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus-Containing Polymer Electrolytes for Li Batteries

Varan,

Merghes,

Plesu

et al. 2024

Batteries

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“…However, they can also have a negative impact on the environment and health, such as their durability in the environment and potential toxicity [9][10][11]. There are also many groups of important flame retardants based on different phosphorus containing compounds used in the field of flame retardants, with huge importance [12]. The methods for enhancing the flame Coatings 2024, 14, 490 2 of 11 retardancy of polymeric materials are usually based on flame-retardant modifications either in the bulk polymer matrix or on the polymer surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Intumescent Coating Containing Expandable Graphite onto Spruce Wood

Kmeťová,

Kačíková,

Kačík

2024

Coatings

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Wood, one of the materials predominantly employed in construction, possesses various advantageous properties alongside certain drawbacks, such as susceptibility to thermal degradation. To enhance wood fire resistance, one approach involves the application of flame retardants. This study compared the fire-retardant effectiveness of expandable graphite, bonded with water glass, as a coating for spruce wood against commercially available fire-retardant treatments. Spruce wood samples (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) underwent treatment with three distinct retardants: expandable graphite in combination with water glass, Bochemit Antiflash, and Bochemit Pyro. The fire-technical characteristics of the samples were examined by a non-standard test method—a test with a radiant heat source. The experiment evaluated the fire-retardant properties by recording changes in sample mass, burning rate, and temperature difference. The best results among all flame retardants were achieved by expandable graphite in combination with water glass, in all evaluation criteria. Among all the flame retardants used, expandable graphite in combination with water glass achieved the best results in all evaluation criteria.

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“…However, flammability is a well-known disadvantage of wood-based materials. Flame retardants, such as brominated flame retardants and phosphorus-containing compounds, are commonly used to modify wood to enhance its flame retardancy [7]. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermal degradation kinetics are commonly employed to evaluate the performance of flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust, Fire-Retardant, and Water-Resistant Wood/Polyimide Composite Aerogels with a Hierarchical Pore Structure for Thermal Insulation

Chen

Pan

et al. 2023

Gels

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The use of energy-saving materials is an effective strategy for decreasing energy consumption and carbon emission. Wood is a type of biomass material with a natural hierarchical structure, which results in its high thermal insulation. It has been widely used in construction. However, developing wood-based materials without flammability and dimensional instability is still a challenge. Herein, we developed a wood/polyimide composite aerogel with a well-preserved hierarchical pore structure and dense hydrogen bonds inside, resulting in its excellent chemical compatibility and strong interfacial interactions between its two components. This novel wood-based composite was fabricated by removing most hemicellulose and lignin from natural wood, followed by the fast impregnation using an ‘in situ gel’ process. The introduction of polyimide into delignified wood substantially improved its mechanical properties, with the compression resistance being improved by over five times. Notably, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the developed composite was approximately half that of natural wood. Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent fire-retardancy, hydrophobicity, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties. This study provides a novel method for wood modification, which not only aids interfacial compatibility between wood and polyimide but also retains the properties of the two components. The developed composite can effectively reduce energy consumption, making it promising for practical and complex thermal insulation applications.

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Progress in the Development of Flame Retardants

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Phosphorus-Containing Polymer Electrolytes for Li Batteries

Phosphorus-Containing Polymer Electrolytes for Li Batteries

The Effect of Intumescent Coating Containing Expandable Graphite onto Spruce Wood

Robust, Fire-Retardant, and Water-Resistant Wood/Polyimide Composite Aerogels with a Hierarchical Pore Structure for Thermal Insulation

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