Progress in Research on the Alleviation of Glucose Metabolism Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cyclocarya paliurus

Abstract

Globally, the incidence of diabetes is increasing annually, and China has the largest number of patients with diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes need lifelong medication, with severe cases requiring surgery. Diabetes treatment may cause complications, side-effects, and postoperative sequelae that could lead to adverse health problems and significant social and economic burdens; thus, more efficient hypoglycemic drugs have become a research hotspot. Glucose metabolism disorders can promote diabetes, a systemic metabolic disease that impairs the function of other organs, including the heart, liver, and kidneys. Cyclocarya paliurus leaves have gathered increasing interest among researchers because of their effectiveness in ameliorating glucose metabolism disorders. At present, various compounds have been isolated from C. paliurus, and the main active components include polysaccharides, triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. C. paliurus mainly ameliorates glucose metabolism disorders by reducing glucose uptake, regulating blood lipid levels, regulating the insulin signaling pathway, reducing β-cell apoptosis, increasing insulin synthesis and secretion, regulating abundances of intestinal microorganisms, and exhibiting α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In this paper, the mechanism of glucose metabolism regulation by C. paliurus was reviewed to provide a reference to prevent and treat diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and other metabolic diseases.

Cyclocarya paliuruspolysaccharides improve high fat diet-fed mice lipid dysmetabolism through gut microbiota

“…We and others have previously shown that gut microbiota are sensitive to CCPP exposure and CCPP treatment markedly shapes or reverses gut microbiota in healthy or obese animal models (23,30,38,39). In these studies, however, no direct evidence was obtained to support that gut microbiota mediate the CCPP-induced beneficial potentials.…”

Cyclocarya paliurus leaves alleviate high-sucrose diet-induced obesity by improving intestinal metabolic disorders

“…However, the safety of CCPPs is still unclear, and mechanistic studies on the use of CCPPs for the treatment of T2DM are limited. CPL can be used as teas to induce weight loss and reduce blood glucose levels, and they have been widely used in China for thousands of years [ 27 ]. In addition to polysaccharides, compounds isolated and identified from CPL, such as triterpenoids, flavonoids and phenols, have also been shown to be useful for treating metabolic diseases [ 10 , 11 , 28 ].…”

Blended tea ameliorates T2DM via modulation of gut microflora

“…Its leaves, known for both medicinal and culinary applications, have been utilized as a functional beverage for conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia [17]. Enriched with polysaccharides, avonoids, and triterpenoids, C. paliurus demonstrates the capacity to alleviate T2DM symptoms and ameliorate metabolic disorders by in uencing the relative abundance of Spiraudella and Clostridia and modulating short-chain fatty acid levels [18][19][20]. Fu Brick tea (FBT) is a special kind of dark tea with distinctive avor fermented dominantly only by Aspergillus cristatus (also known as Eurotium cristatum) [21][22][23].…”