Progress in reducing road-traffic injuries in the WHO European region

Passmore, Jonathon; Yon, Yongjie; Mikkelsen, Bente

doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30074-x

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The average rate of deaths per 100,000 inhabitants is 18.2 in Ecuador between 2000 and 2019; the result obtained is close to those recorded in 2016 by countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the worrying situation for several countries such as El Salvador, Paraguay, Guyana, and Belize with a rate value around 20 with a rate value around 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants [78]. If we compare this with the European region, which had a rate of 9.3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants [79] in the same year, the dimension of the health problem to be faced in Ecuador becomes evident.…”

Section: Data Descriptive and Regression Analysis By Joinpoint Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Road Safety as a Public Health Problem: Case of Ecuador in the Period 2000–2019

et al. 2021

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Background: Road safety is a significant public health problem because it causes negative consequences on victims and families. The objective was to analyze the most significant changes in traffic crashes in Ecuador during the period from 2000 to 2019. With data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Census, we performed the analysis to identify: the number of traffic crashes, the number of victims, and other study variables. Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics and the contrast of proportions were used to analyze data from 2000 to 2019. Results: According to the ideal joinpoint analysis model, there was a significant decrease in the number of recorded traffic accidents from 2015 to 2019 of −8.54 per year, while the tendency to die increased in females (2.05 per year) and males (3.29 per year). The most common crash was a collision, and the automobile appeared as the most involved vehicle from 2015 to 2019. The hypothesis test contrast is used to determine if statistically significant differences exist between age groups by gender of the driver injured in the period 2017–2018. Conclusions: This study determines the most significant changes in the variables related to traffic crashes, where mortality due to this cause in the last four years has had a growth rate of 1.8% compared to collisions that presented a rate of −31.12%. The contrast of the hypothesis test shows significant differences in the injury level between males and female drivers, depending on the age group.

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Section: Data Descriptive and Regression Analysis By Joinpoint Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Road Safety as a Public Health Problem: Case of Ecuador in the Period 2000–2019

et al. 2021

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“…50 The importance of traffic regulations is illustrated by the reduction of traffic deaths and injuries by 13% in the WHO European Region between 2010 and 2016 through enactment and enforcement of road safety legislations by political and technical commitment. 51 The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 showed that, although mortality from road traffic injuries decreased globally over time, it did not in south Asia and southern Latin America. 50 The economic burden of road traffic crashes is increasing in LMICs 52 and exceeds that in HICs due to increases in urbanisation, 53 road infrastructure, and access to private vehicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision impairment and traffic safety outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Piyasena

Olvera-Herrera

Chan

et al. 2021

The Lancet Global Health

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Background Road traffic injuries are a major public health concern and their prevention requires concerted efforts. We aimed to systematically analyse the current evidence to establish whether any aspects of vision, and particularly interventions to improve vision function, are associated with traffic safety outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). MethodsWe did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between poor vision and traffic safety outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library from database inception to April 2, 2020. We included any interventional or observational studies assessing whether vision is associated with traffic safety outcomes, studies describing prevalence of poor vision among drivers, and adherence to licensure regulations. We excluded studies done in high-income countries. We did a meta-analysis to explore the associations between vision function and traffic safety outcomes and a narrative synthesis to describe the prevalence of vision disorders and adherence to licensure requirements. We used random-effects models with residual maximum likelihood method. The systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO, CRD-42020180505. Findings We identified 49 (1•8%) eligible articles of 2653 assessed and included 29 (59•2%) in the various data syntheses. 15 394 participants (mean sample size n=530 [SD 824]; mean age of 39•3 years [SD 9•65]; 1167 [7•6%] of 15 279 female) were included. The prevalence of vision impairment among road users ranged from 1•2% to 26•4% (26 studies), colour vision defects from 0•5% to 17•1% (15 studies), and visual field defects from 2•0% to 37•3% (ten studies). A substantial proportion (range 10•6-85•4%) received licences without undergoing mandatory vision testing. The meta-analysis revealed a 46% greater risk of having a road traffic crash among those with central acuity visual impairment (risk ratio [RR] 1•46 [95% CI 1•20-1•78]; p=0•0002, 13 studies) and a greater risk among those with defects in colour vision (RR 1•36 [1•01-1•82]; p=0•041, seven studies) or the visual field (RR 1•36 [1•25-1•48]; p<0•0001, seven studies). The I² value for overall statistical heterogeneity was 63•4%.Interpretation This systematic review shows a positive association between vision impairment and traffic crashes in LMICs. Our findings provide support for mandatory vision function assessment before issuing a driving licence.

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“…Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are among the top ten causes of death for people of all ages across all regions [ 1 ]. The impact of RTIs is greater among people aged 5–29 years where it is the leading cause of death [ 2 ]. Between 2013 and 2016, reductions in the number of road traffic deaths were recorded among 48 middle- and high-income countries [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…�� Road user behavior/education and road environment 1. Routinely collected data 2. Household data 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to reduce pedestrian road traffic injuries: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, interrupted time-series, and controlled before-after studies

et al. 2022

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Background Road traffic injuries are among the top ten causes of death globally, with the highest burden in low and middle-income countries, where over a third of deaths occur among pedestrians and cyclists. Several interventions to mitigate the burden among pedestrians have been widely implemented, however, the effectiveness has not been systematically examined. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce road traffic crashes, injuries, hospitalizations and deaths among pedestrians. Methods We considered studies that evaluated interventions to reduce road traffic crashes, injuries, hospitalizations and/or deaths among pedestrians. We considered randomized controlled trials, interrupted time-series studies, and controlled before-after studies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Index, Health Evidence, Transport Research International Documentation and ClinicalTrials.gov through 31 August 2020, and the reference lists of all included studies. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and full texts, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We summarized findings narratively with text and tables. Results A total of 69123 unique records were identified through the searches, with 26 of these meeting our eligibility criteria. All except two of these were conducted in high-income countries and most were from urban settings. The majority of studies observed either a clear effect favoring the intervention or an unclear effect potentially favoring the intervention and these included: changes to the road environment (19/27); changes to legislation and enforcement (12/12); and road user behavior/education combined with either changes to the road environment (3/3) or with legislation and enforcement (1/1). A small number of studies observed either a null effect or an effect favoring the control. Conclusions Although the highest burden of road traffic injuries exists in LMICs, very few studies have examined the effectiveness of available interventions in these settings. Studies indicate that road environment, legislation and enforcement interventions alone produce positive effects on pedestrian safety. In combination with or with road user behavior/education interventions they are particularly effective in improving pedestrian safety.

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Progress in reducing road-traffic injuries in the WHO European region

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Road Safety as a Public Health Problem: Case of Ecuador in the Period 2000–2019

Road Safety as a Public Health Problem: Case of Ecuador in the Period 2000–2019

Vision impairment and traffic safety outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Interventions to reduce pedestrian road traffic injuries: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, interrupted time-series, and controlled before-after studies

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