Progress in pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: a review

Yogesh, Gaurav Kumar; Shukla, Shivam; Sastikumar, D.; Koinkar, Pankaj

doi:10.1007/s00339-021-04951-6

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…PLAL has been used to fabricate different carbon nanostructures such as graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene-oxide nanosheets (GONS), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene-oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), graphene nanotubes (GNTs), nanodiamonds, polyynes, and carbon-encapsulating metal/metal-carbide/metal-oxide nanoparticles (C/M-CNPs) [ 30 , 70 ]. In this review, we will focus on GNS, GONS, GQDs, and GOQDs ( Figure 16 ).…”

Section: Graphene Nanostructures Prepared By Plalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review

Al-Tuwirqi

2022

Materials

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High-quality graphene has demonstrated remarkable mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties. These features have paved the road for the introduction of graphene into numerous applications such as optoelectronics and energy devices, photodegradation, bioimaging, photodetectors, sensors, and biosensors. Due to this, graphene research has accelerated exponentially, with the aim of reaching a sustainable large-scale production process of high-quality graphene that can produce graphene-based technologies at an industrial scale. There exist numerous routes for graphene fabrication; however, pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) has emerged as a simple, fast, green, and environmentally friendly method as it does not require the use of toxic chemicals. Moreover, it does not involve the use of expensive vacuum chambers or clean rooms. However, the great advantage of PLAL is its ability to control the size, shape, and structure of the produced nanostructures through the choice of laser parameters and liquid used. Consequently, this review will focus on recent research on the synthesis of graphene nanosheets and graphene quantum dots via PLAL and the effect of experimental parameters such as laser wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, repetition rate, irradiation time, and liquid media on the produced nanostructures. Moreover, it will discuss extended PLAL techniques which incorporate other methods into PLAL. Finally, different applications that utilize nanostructures produced by PLAL will be highlighted. We hope that this review will provide a useful guide for researchers to further develop the PLAL technique and the fabrication of graphene-based materials.

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Section: Graphene Nanostructures Prepared By Plalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laser ablation (LA) can occur in vacuum, argon, or air [ 19 ]. However, there are many advantages when performed in liquids via the one-step pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique (PLAL) [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. This method is used to produce graphene through laser irradiation of a graphite target submerged in a liquid medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review

Al-Tuwirqi

2022

Materials

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“…Crystallization is also referred to the transformation of non-graphitic carbon into well-organized graphitic CNMs [ 61 ] such as fullerenes [ 62 ], graphene [ 63 ], CNTs [ 64 , 65 ], CNHs [ 66 ], CNOs [ 67 ], graphitic quantum dots (GQDs) [ 68 ], and graphitized carbon black (GCB). There are a lot of ways currently used to prepare this kind of structure, such as arc-discharge, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation [ 69 ], pyrolysis, and thermal annealing [ 70 ], but all these methods involve the use of high amounts of energy and non-sustainable carbon sources. This limits the application of these materials on a large scale in technological and biomedical fields; therefore, the finding of green and economical routes to high-quality CNMs is a crucial challenge today.…”

Section: The Graphitization Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Graphitization: Towards Greener Alternatives to Develop Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery

Marin

Marchesan

2022

Biomedicines

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Carbon nanomaterials have attracted great interest for their unique physico-chemical properties for various applications, including medicine and, in particular, drug delivery, to solve the most challenging unmet clinical needs. Graphitization is a process that has become very popular for their production or modification. However, traditional conditions are energy-demanding; thus, recent efforts have been devoted to the development of greener routes that require lower temperatures or that use waste or byproducts as a carbon source in order to be more sustainable. In this concise review, we analyze the progress made in the last five years in this area, as well as in their development as drug delivery agents, focusing on active targeting, and conclude with a perspective on the future of the field.

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“…Several parameters, including cryogenic temperature, density, molecular structure, and hightemperature gradient, affect the MoS 2 synthesis. [35,83,84] Figure 11a displays the MoS 2 target cooling during immersion in LN 2 . The lattice vibrations of the target material calm down notably at such cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Laser Ablation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, LN 2 as a 2D cryo-fluid enters the interlayer spacing of the MoS 2 target for intercalation. [35,83,84] Figure 11b depicts the laser beam focused on the interface of the MoS 2 target and LN 2 . However, the exfoliation takes place at the same time in beneath layers to synthesize MoS 2 NSs according to the top-down process relying on the sudden evaporation and expansion of LN 2 to gas according to Figure 11c.…”

Section: Laser Ablation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Typical Application of Nitrogen‐Doped MoS₂ Nanosheets Based on Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Nitrogen

Shahi

Parvin

Mortazavi

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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One group of 2D layered materials is the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with MX 2 structure, where M denotes a transition metal such as Mo, W, Re, Nb, etc. and X ascertains a chalcogen atom, namely, S, Se, and Te. Unlike graphene's single carbon atomic-thick layer, a monolayer of TMDs consists of X-M-X sandwiches which are interacted by interlayer weak van der Waals forces and strong in-plane covalent bonding between atoms. As a result of their interesting and diverse structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties, this class of materials is still a topic of many recent scientific studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Particularly, MoS 2 shows a potential application in 2D nanoscale technology. [1,[8][9][10] The bandgap of MoS 2 semiconductor undergoes from indirect 1.29 eV (bulk) to direct 1.90 eV (monolayer) transitions. [5] The monolayer MoS 2 contains large specific surface areas, strong visible light-absorbing ability, and extreme flexibility against the bulk MoS 2 . [6,11] Such intriguing properties make MoS 2 a perfect alternative material for numerous applications such as photocatalysts, [12,13] photodetectors, [14,15] field-effect transistors, [16] solar cells, [17] and biomedical purposes [18,19] as well as optical fiber sensors (OFS). [10,20] The latter is a well-known sensor due to high sensitivity, noise and electromagnetic interference immunity, compact size, low cost, and multiplex capability. The OFS applications based on Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) include industry, environment, medical care, homeland security, and defense. A simple and low-cost ultrasensitive configuration has been shown to upgrade FPI-acoustic OFS. Owing to high strength, flexibility, and relatively small Young's modulus, the MoS 2 membrane significantly improves the sensor sensitivity against others. [10]

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Progress in pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: a review

Cited by 57 publications

References 169 publications

Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review

Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review

Carbon Graphitization: Towards Greener Alternatives to Develop Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery

Synthesis, Characterization, and Typical Application of Nitrogen‐Doped MoS₂ Nanosheets Based on Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Nitrogen

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Progress in pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: a review

Cited by 57 publications

References 169 publications

Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review

Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review

Carbon Graphitization: Towards Greener Alternatives to Develop Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery

Synthesis, Characterization, and Typical Application of Nitrogen‐Doped MoS2 Nanosheets Based on Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Nitrogen

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Typical Application of Nitrogen‐Doped MoS₂ Nanosheets Based on Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Nitrogen