“…The microboudinage of an intact columnar grain into two separate segments takes place in three stages : (1) before fracturing, (2) during fracturing, and (3) after fracturing. By studying Stages 1 and 2 of microboudinage, Masuda et al (1989Masuda et al ( , 2003 and Kimura et al (2006Kimura et al ( , 2010 developed a paleopiezometer based on the microboudinage structures developed within columnar mineral grains. The microboudin paleopiezometer is superior to other widely used paleopiezometers, such as those based on recrystallized grain size (e.g., Stipp and Tullis, 2003) and calcite twinning (e.g., Lacombe, 2007), because it can reveal trends in differential stress with increasing plastic strain (Masuda et al, 2011).…”