Progress in electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters using carbon nanotubes/nanocomposite based materials: A chronological review

Abstract

Neurotransmitters (NTs) are chemical compounds that play an important physiological role in the functioning of central nervous, renal, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems. Their function is to regulate neural interactions by reducing the permeability of gap junctions between adjacent neurons of the same type. The abnormal level may lead to diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, and other neurological diseases. The devastating health hazards associated with the abnormal presence of NTs in biological systems coupled with the demerits of most modern detection methods necessitates the continuous development of novel electrochemical sensors. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensors, as a result of the large surface area, biocompatibility, and chemical stability supplied by CNTs, have proven to offer massive sensitivity and low limit of detection (LOD). Its significance in sensors applications toward the detection of different group of compounds cannot be overemphasized. There are several review articles on NTs and their determination using different chemically modified electrodes and sensor platform. However, this review highlights the significance of notable NTs and the progress made in the last decade in the design of CNT-based sensors for the detection of common NTs. Secondly, the This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Significance of an Electrochemical Sensor and Nanocomposites: Toward the Electrocatalytic Detection of Neurotransmitters and Their Importance within the Physiological System

“…With modification, the electrocatalytic performance of various WEs like glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs), ubiquitous gold, screen-printed, platinum, and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes can be improved to fabricate electrocatalytic sensors having distinct sensitivity and selectivity. When we incorporate nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) onto bare electrodes, such as Ag, Pt, Au, and GCE, it improves the ability of electrochemical detectors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. − …”

“…When we incorporate nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) onto bare electrodes, such as Ag, Pt, Au, and GCE, it improves the ability of electrochemical detectors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. 17 − 19 …”

Thiourea‐Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Electrochemical Biosensor for Ultra‐Precise Detection of Dopamine

“…Neurotransmitters (NTs), which are essential chemical constituents of the nervous system, are responsible for controlling these actions and inactions. [1] NTs are simple endogenous chemicals that transfer chemical signals from the axon to the dendrites of a neuron to produce a physiological response in biological systems. It is worth noting that these chemical messengers are intended to operate efficiently in the human system.…”

“…As predicted, numerous approaches for detecting the number of NTs in human and animal systems for the diagnosis and treatment of the highlighted illnesses have been deployed, each with their benefits as well as drawbacks. Several analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography, [4] ion-exchange chromatography, colorimetry, [1] mass spectrometry, [7] chemiluminescence [8] and capillary electrophoresis [9] have been used for the quantitative determination of DA. However, these methods require complex sample pretreatment, expensive instrumentation, highly skilled operators and long analysis time.…”

“…Learning, motivation, pain processing, memory, sleeping, appetite, muscle contraction (or relaxation), heart rate and consciousness all are essential to the survival of all humans (sane and insane). Neurotransmitters (NTs), which are essential chemical constituents of the nervous system, are responsible for controlling these actions and inactions [1] . NTs are simple endogenous chemicals that transfer chemical signals from the axon to the dendrites of a neuron to produce a physiological response in biological systems.…”