Progress in developing a thermal method for measuring the output power of medical ultrasound transducers that exploits the pyroelectric effect

Zeqiri, Bajram; Žauhar, Gordana; Hodnett, Mark; Barrie, Jill

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2010.09.006

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…In other words, the MCF rubber is also a pyroelectric material. There have been few reported investigations of pyroelectric rubber comparing to polymers [55,56,57]. Therefore MCF rubber is a precious material.…”

Section: New Methods Of Producing a Piezoelementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Hybrid Piezo Natural Rubber Piezoelectricity and Piezoresistivity Sensor with Magnetic Clusters Made by Electric and Magnetic Field Assistance and Filling with Magnetic Compound Fluid

Shimada

Saga²

2017

Sensors

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Piezoelements used in robotics require large elasticity and extensibility to be installed in an artificial robot skin. However, the piezoelements used until recently are vulnerable to large forces because of the thin solid materials employed. To resolve this issue, we utilized a natural rubber and applied our proposed new method of aiding with magnetic and electric fields as well as filling with magnetic compound fluid (MCF) and doping. We have verified the piezoproperties of the resulting MCF rubber. The effect of the created magnetic clusters is featured in a new two types of multilayered structures of the piezoelement. By measuring the piezoelectricity response to pressure, the synergetic effects of the magnetic clusters, the doping and the electric polymerization on the piezoelectric effect were clarified. In addition, by examining the relation between the piezoelectricity and the piezoresistivity created in the MCF piezo element, we propose a hybrid piezoelement.

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Section: New Methods Of Producing a Piezoelementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Hybrid Piezo Natural Rubber Piezoelectricity and Piezoresistivity Sensor with Magnetic Clusters Made by Electric and Magnetic Field Assistance and Filling with Magnetic Compound Fluid

Shimada

Saga²

2017

Sensors

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“…It is an oscillator that is gateado by the pulses it emits, that through a power amplifier impresses the transducer. Its design is special because the amplitude typically varies from 20 to 600 [68].…”

Section: The Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ultrasound in medicine part ii: the ultrasonic transducer and its associated electronics

2013

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This paper introduces the reader to a review and analysis of various ultrasound (us) applications in the medical field. First, the transducer is shown, along with a diagram of the basic electronics that it uses to generate and receive signals that allow the reconstruction of images, for medical purposes. Also, us practical uses in medical therapy is shown. This subject is addressed by combining the physical principles involved in the us application, with the implemented technology and the modes of operation for non-invasive studies of pathologies related to brain, heart, and eyes such as injuries, tumors and hematomas. The methodology used in this article also suggests an analysis method for the us scientific and technological research principles combined for their implementation in medical applications.Keywords: ultrasonic transducer, piezoelectric, transmitter, receiver, converter, modes ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta al lector una revisión y análisis de diferentes aplicaciones del ultrasonido (us) en el campo médico. Inicialmente se muestra el transductor y un esquema de su electrónica básica asociada usada para emitir y adquirir las señales que permiten la reconstrucción de las imágenes, para efectos médicos y también la aplicación del us para terapia; la temática se aborda conjugando los principios físicos asociados a la aplicación del us con la tecnología implementada y sus modos de operación, para estudios no invasivos de patologías relacionadas con el cerebro, el corazón, los ojos y lesiones tales como tumores y hematomas. La metodología implementada en este artículo sugiere también un método de análisis de los principios científicos del us e investigación tecnológica asociadas para su concreción en las aplicaciones médicas.

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“…Poly(vinyl difluoride) (PVDF) is an important class of piezoelectric and electroactive materials, which have a wide range of applications in piezoelectric and pyroelectric sensors, nanogenerators, electric actuators, nanofilters, and battery membranes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The piezoelectric property of PVDF arises from its oriented arrangement of hydrogen and fluoride (CH 2 CF 2 ) unit cells along with the carbon backbones, which induces strong dipoles across the polymer chains. [9][10][11] With this dipolar configuration, either piezoelectricity or pyroelectricity can be released with different external stimuli, which can be used as sensors as well as generators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon‐Assisted Nanopoling of Poly(Vinyl Difluoride) Films

Chen

Wang

Zhai

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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without post-treatment. [15,16] Common strategies of generating β-phased PVDF include mechanical (stretching, pressing, and shearing) poling, [17][18][19] electric poling, [20] electrospinning, [21][22][23] and other unconventional methods. [24][25][26] These methods always require harsh conditions (high temperature and high voltage) and complicated instruments. In some cases, where the PVDF films are thin (<300 nm), poling can be achieved simply by thermal annealing; [27] however, it has no local selectivity, which is not compatible for integrated piezoelectronic nanodevices.Optical field due to its electromagnetic feature can also be applied for poling molecules. [28][29][30] It has unique advantages of local selectivity, fast modulation, and remote controllability. However, such poling is only transient, which is not useful for bistate devices that require long-term stability.Plasmons, collective oscillations of the free electron gas density at optical frequency, can be a good electromagnetic field condenser as well as an absorber of light. It converts photon energy efficiently into huge amount of local heating, which has been widely used for nanowelding, particle deformation, seawater desalination, and photothermal therapy. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] By using small gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the heating source, it can be potentially used as a nanoheater to selectively pole the PDVF films with light, which is beyond the diffraction limit.In this paper, we show that the thermal effect induced by plasmonic heating can pole the PVDF films. As the plasmonic heating of individual Au NP is in the scale of <10 nm, it provides a facile and efficient strategy for nanophase transformation, which has important applications in piezoelectric nanodevices and high-density data storage. [38,39] Results and DiscussionThe thermal effect can improve the chain movement, which promotes the phase transformation of PVDF. [9,10] As shown in Figure 1a, the PVDF films annealed at 90 °C present a Raman peak at 840 cm −1 (β phase), while the unannealed films show a peak at 797 cm −1 (α phase), which matches the Raman spectrum of the PVDF powders (Figure S1, Supporting Information). This thermal poling is very reproducible to PVDF films of different thicknesses as all of them exhibit the β phase peak after annealing although the intensities are different (Figure 1b). The intensity of α phase peak increases as the PVDF films get thicker, which is because Plasmonic nanoheating can be utilized to induce nanophase transformation, which has important implications for nano-optoelectronics, nanopiezoelectronics, and high-density data storage. Herein, optical poling of poly(vinyl difluoride) (PVDF) is shown with the assistance of surface plasmons. The ultrathin PVDF films are sandwiched between gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a gold film. By irradiating the Au NPs with continuouswave laser, nanoannealing of the PVDF films is realized, which locally transforms the PVDF from α phase to β phase as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. This nanopha...

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Progress in developing a thermal method for measuring the output power of medical ultrasound transducers that exploits the pyroelectric effect

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Development of a Hybrid Piezo Natural Rubber Piezoelectricity and Piezoresistivity Sensor with Magnetic Clusters Made by Electric and Magnetic Field Assistance and Filling with Magnetic Compound Fluid

Development of a Hybrid Piezo Natural Rubber Piezoelectricity and Piezoresistivity Sensor with Magnetic Clusters Made by Electric and Magnetic Field Assistance and Filling with Magnetic Compound Fluid

Application of ultrasound in medicine part ii: the ultrasonic transducer and its associated electronics

Plasmon‐Assisted Nanopoling of Poly(Vinyl Difluoride) Films

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