Progress in Clean-Up and Technological Developments in U.S. Superfund Program

Kovalick, Walter W.; Kingscott, John

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…At the second level are "threshold values", which have been defined by taking into account the receptors of risk: human beings, ground water, plants, microorganisms, (Kovalick and Kingscott, 1995). When values exceed the "threshold values", further specific investigations are necessary to assess possible intervention on the site in question.…”

Section: A Chemical Distribution Of Ni In Soil and Its Importance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Nickel Phytoavailable Chemical Species Characterization in Soil for Phytoremediation Applicability

Barbafieri¹

2000

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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In this work Ni speciation in natural and spiked soils (with similar total concentration) was studied. Spiked soils were prepared by addition of NiSO 4 .6H 2 O to obtain concentration similar to the one in natural soils. In soils mobile species were determined with a simplified sequential extraction as follows: H 2 O for water-soluble metal, KNO 3 for exchangeable species, DTPA for complexed/adsorbed species. Results show that in spiked soils the exchangeable and adsorbed Ni concentrations are considerably higher than in natural soils. A study of plant uptake was carried out in order to evaluate the relation between mobile species and phyto-availability. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), even though it is not a hyperaccumulator, was selected for its tolerance to high metal concentrations in soil. Preliminary results show a very high correlation between Ni mobile species and Ni uptake by alfalfa. Significant differences were found between spiked and natural soils. In the latter, high levels of total Ni did not correspond to relevant uptake as in the case of spiked soil. Results stress the importance of evaluating preliminarly heavy metal speciation in soil before planning phytoremediation procedures.

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Section: A Chemical Distribution Of Ni In Soil and Its Importance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Nickel Phytoavailable Chemical Species Characterization in Soil for Phytoremediation Applicability

Barbafieri¹

2000

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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“…biodegradation, sorption, precipitation); the hydrogeological and biogeochemical conditions of the aquifer; the environmental/health impacts; the materials' mechanical stability (capacity to maintain hydraulic conductivity and reactivity over time), and their availability and cost [8,9]. The basic reactive materials applied include: zero valent iron (ZVI), activated carbon (AC), zeolite (Z), and peat [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Single-layered constructions were frequently applied in the early stages of PRB technology.…”

Section: Prb Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Model for the Design of Multi-layered Permeable Reactive Barriers

Połoński

Pawluk

Rybka

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are employed as in situ groundwater remediation technology. The installation of PRBs is usually a major investment, where one of the biggest cost drivers are material costs. PRBs are barriers against contaminants moving under the natural gradient, however not against groundwater contaminants. The most common construction of a PRB is a single barrier, but in the case of contaminant mixtures a multi-layered construction, i.e. a combination of different reactive materials and removal processes, is required. The most important parameters for PRB design are dimensions. The barrier must be long enough to treat the entire width of the plume (dimension perpendicular to groundwater flow) and should extend to and be keyed into an impermeable layer. The problem is to determine the optimal thickness of a PRB, which should provide a residence time appropriate for reducing the concentration of contaminants to the desired effluent concentration. In PRBs, design is accomplished using numerical methods or simulators, which are useful to predict the scenarios and evaluate the resulting groundwater flow systems to specific site conditions. On the other hand, numerical methods are complicated and may have significant errors if the discretization is too coarse or is incorrectly aligned. This paper deals with a simple, conceptual model of a one-approach optimization method for multi-layered PRB design. Based on literature and laboratory test results (residence time, density and hydraulic coefficient), a selection of layers of reactive materials was determined. Considering the lowest cost of the reactive materials, the required thicknesses of activated carbon, zeolite and zero valent iron were calculated using two different algorithms. The simple model may be used for preliminary barrier design and cost calculations. Using the optimization model in a preliminary design stage, it is possible to reject the PRB concept and avoid losing time for the complicated analysis.

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“…Segundo CETESB (1998), foram estimadas 41 .000 áreas potencialmente contaminadas na Região Metropolitana de Säo Paulo (dados de 1996), Nos Estados Unidos, segundo KOVALICK; KINGSCOTT (1995), na Lista Nacional de Prioridades ("National Prior¡ty L¡st" -NPL) do Programa "Superfund", até dezembro de 1994, haviam 1355 áreas registradas e aproximadamente 38.000 locais registrados no CERCLIS ("Comprehensive Environmental Response and Liability System"cadastro geral deste programa), que foram avaliados, mas não foram incluídas na NPL. Como esses locais tendem a sofrer o estigma da associaçäo com o Programa "Superfund", desencorajando a reutilização desses terrenos, a USEPA, em 1995, como parte de um esforço para ajudar a revitalizar áreas urbanas, removeu 25,000 locais do inventário do "Superfund", devido ao baixo risco para a saúde e ao meio ambiente que os mesmos ofereciam,…”

Section: Sanden; Freierunclassified

“…nas áreas reg¡stradas no CERCLIS, a USEPA deve realizar uma Avaliaçäo Preliminar ("Preliminar Assessement" -PA), por meio da utilização de dados ex¡slentes sobre a área e inspeçäo ao local, Caso estes dados indiquem que a área poderá representar riscos significativos, pode ser necessária a realização de investigaçöes adicionais para coletar informaçöes sobre as substâncias perigosas presentes no local e os possíveis receptores humanos e ambientais, além das vias de propagação dos contaminantes; estas informaçöes são utilizadas no "Hazardous Ranking System" (HRS) visando a adequaçäo ao uso do solo ou a realizaçáo de remediaçåo tratando-se apenas os locais com concentração mais elevadas de contaminantes ("hot spots"), o custo final para recuperaçäo das áreas cadastradas såo estimados em dezenas de bilhóes de dólares (KOVALICK; KINGSCOTT, 1995).…”

Section: Políticas E Legislações Utilizadas No Gerenciamento Das áReaunclassified

Gerenciamento de áreas Contaminadas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Reservatório Guarapiranga, São Paulo

Gloeden¹

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Na legislaçäo do Reino Unido ("Section 57 of the Environment Act, 1995'), que necessita de regulamentação para ser implantada, "uma área contaminada é qualquer área ou terreno, que apresenta-se para a autoridade local, estar em tal condição, por apresentar substâncias sobre, dentro ou abaixo da superfície do terreno, onde: um dano significativo está sencio causado ou existe a possibilidade de tal dano ser causado; ou a poluição de águas controladas está sendo, ou está provavelmente sendo causada" (POLLARD; HERBERT, 1998).Segundo VAN DYCK (1995), na região de Flandres, na Bélgica, "uma área contaminada pode ser definida como um local onde, como resultado das atividades humanas, resíduos estão presentes ou a poluiçäo dos solos e águas subterråneas ocorrem ou podem ocorrer".Na Legislação Federal da Alemanha, que passou a v¡gorar em 1999 ("Bodenschutzgesetz"), uma área contaminada é definida como "locais abandonados de disposiçáo, tratamento ou armazenagem de resÍduos e áreas industriais abandonadas onde subståncias ambientalmente perigosas foram manejadas, causando mudanças prejudiciais à qualidade do solo ou outros perigos para o indivíduo ou para o público em geral" (BIEBER et al., 1998

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Progress in Clean-Up and Technological Developments in U.S. Superfund Program

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Importance of Nickel Phytoavailable Chemical Species Characterization in Soil for Phytoremediation Applicability

The Importance of Nickel Phytoavailable Chemical Species Characterization in Soil for Phytoremediation Applicability

Optimization Model for the Design of Multi-layered Permeable Reactive Barriers

Gerenciamento de áreas Contaminadas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Reservatório Guarapiranga, São Paulo

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