Progress in calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…Reviews that cover detailed LIBS applications in imaging, classication, or quantitative analysis of different kinds of samples can be found elsewhere. Recent advances and future perspectives of LIBS imaging for material and biomedical applications were discussed by Gardette et al, 90 while novel methodologies and technological developments were summarised by Thomas et al 91 A tutorial describing in detail how to statistically compare predictive models for LIBS quantitative analysis and classication was published by Duponchel et al 92 Recent trends in sample classication using LIBS, providing a comprehensive introduction and overview of the steps to go from recorded data to a well-performing classier, was reviewed by Brunnbauer et al 93 The development of calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) to improve accuracy in different applications was critically reviewed by Hermann et al 94 and Poggialini et al 95 In 2023 there were several international conferences dedicated to discuss the recent progress in LIBS, such as the 5th Asian Symposium on LIBS held in Tokushima (Japan) from June 26th to June 30th (https://j-libs.org/CSI2023_ASLIBS2023/ index.html), and the 12th Euro-Mediterranean Symposium on LIBS (EMSLIBS) held in Porto (Portugal) from September 4th to 7th (https://emslibs2023.inesctec.pt/).…”

Catching up on calibration-free LIBS

“…where the time t 0 is the minimum delay time considered. Eqn (7) in most cases can be well approximated by the rst element in the sum (exponential decay of the emission lines). Consequently, the electron temperature at time t can this be expressed as a function of the temperature T 0 at time t 0 :…”

“…Programmatically, as in the 2010 review, we will not discuss the calibration-free methods based on the matching between the experimental and synthetic LIBS spectra, 6 because this method uses a completely different approach with respect to the Ciucci et al 1 procedure. The issues related to the applications of the two methods have been recently discussed in an excellent paper by Hermann et al 7…”

Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Depth Profiling of Multilayer and Graded Materials

“…However, the successful application of CF-LIBS necessitates the fulfillment of specific criteria: (i) congruent mass transfer from the solid to the plasma, (ii) local thermodynamic equilibrium within the plasma, (iii) spatially uniform plasma temperature and density distributions, and (iv) negligible self-absorption of spectral lines. If these conditions are met, then the measured line intensity is proportional to the emission coefficient [103]. Utilizing an array of spectral lines corresponding to varied energy levels enables calculation of each sample element's concentration without conventional calibration.…”

“…Achieving accurate relative concentrations with CF-LIBS is difficult due to various influencing factors, such as matrix effects, laser parameters, and experimental configurations. To mitigate these problems, several adaptations of CF-LIBS have been proposed [103]. Recent review publications [104,105] provide a detailed discussion of foundational concepts, their influencing factors, analytical efficacy, and potential measurement uncertainties.…”