Progress in 4D printing of stimuli responsive materials

Patdiya, Jigar; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian

doi:10.1080/25740881.2021.1934016

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…This innovation has spawned a plethora of functional devices across various length scales, driving advancements in soft robotics, metamaterials, and biomedical engineering. Prospects revolve around advanced manufacturing techniques like additive manufacturing and 4D printing, offering precise control over particle distribution and alignment within soft matrices [544][545][546][547][548][549]. 4D printing, already applied in shape-morphing structures and metamaterials, promises nano-scale control for tailoring material properties at the molecular level.…”

Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy

Narayanan,

Pramanik,

Arockiarajan

2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Hard-magnetic soft materials (hMSMs) are smart composites that consist of a mechanically soft polymer matrix impregnated with mechanically hard magnetic filler particles. This dual-phase composition renders them with exceptional magneto-mechanical properties that allow them to undergo large reversible deformations under the influence of external magnetic fields. Over the last decade, hMSMs have found extensive applications in soft robotics, adaptive structures, and biomedical devices. However, despite their widespread utility, they pose considerable challenges in fabrication and magneto-mechanical characterization owing to their multi-phase nature, miniature length scales, and nonlinear material behavior. Although noteworthy attempts have been made to understand their coupled nature, the rudimentary concepts of inter-phase interactions that give rise to their mechanical nonlinearity remain insufficiently understood, and this impedes their further advancements. This holistic review addresses these standalone concepts and bridges the gaps by providing a thorough examination of their myriad fabrication techniques, applications, and experimental, and modeling approaches. Specifically, the review presents a wide spectrum of fabrication techniques, ranging from traditional molding to cutting-edge four-dimensional (4D) printing, and their unbounded prospects in diverse fields of research. The review covers various modeling approaches, including continuum mechanical frameworks encompassing phenomenological and homogenization models, as well as microstructural models. Additionally, it addresses emerging techniques like machine learning-based modeling in the context of hMSMs. Finally, the expansive landscape of these promising material systems is provided for a better understanding and prospective research.

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Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy

Narayanan,

Pramanik,

Arockiarajan

2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…[15] The shape memory characteristics can be observed in a wide range of polymeric materials like semicrystalline, amorphous, and liquid crystalline elastomeric materials. [25][26][27][28][29] The shape memory polymer presents a permanent shape at room temperature, and at a higher transition temperature, the material can be deformed to a temporary shape and cooled. Further, the material reverts back to its permanent shape after applying the pre-programmed temperature.…”

Section: Stimuli-responsive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Strategies in Stimuli‐Responsive Silk Architectures

Prakash

Sarkar

Kandasubramanian

2023

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The utilization of implantable devices beseeches highly invasive surgeries considering the adversaries in the insertion of large, impliable devices through the body channels, which necessitate the development of implantable devices using biocompatible shape memory polymers. Silk displays prodigious heterogeneity in its genetic structure and physical properties in accordance with the spinning and storage process, where proteins undergo folding and unfolding. The stimuli‐responsive nature of silk can be explained with the help of the structural morphology and composition of the material, where the hydrogen bonds in β‐sheet domains and amorphous region act as switch points and net points, respectively. This review provides a primary attempt to enswathe all the literature available to date on the stimuli‐responsive nature of silk and silk‐based materials as a natural and biodegradable alternative for commercially used synthetic shape memory materials taking their elastomeric nature and reduction in glass transition temperature into account. Further constitutive model using the continuum approach has been utilized to explain the anisotropic elasticity damping effect and plastic deformation based on the α‐helix chains, β‐sheets, and β‐spiral structures. The practicability to develop biomedical devices such as patient‐specific‐injectable scaffolds, drug carriers, and artificial muscles has been encompassed in this article.

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“…The polymerization process on subtract surface can be heterogeneous or homogeneous (typically in an aqueous solution) depending on the solvent, continuous phase, environment, nature of initiator, stabilizer, and degree of neutralization. The precipitation polymerization of acid/base/polymeric solution in toluene solvent has been examined intensely concerning kinetics and mechanism 40,41 . However, the characteristic of this polymerization is that it initially takes place at a very slower rate, followed by a sharp increase in reaction in a short time at the comparable overall monomer concentration.…”

Section: Grafting Of Polymeric Monomer Via Scco2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancement in surface modification of aramid fiber assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide

Patadiya,

Chougale,

Naebe

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The exceptional mechanical properties of aramid fibers make them a popular choice for high‐performance materials; despite that, their potential is limited due to their surface properties bonding energy and interfacial bonding strength with matrix materials. The enhanced resistance of poly‐aramid fibers (AFs) to severe surroundings and improved interlaminar adhesion in sandwich compounds with admirable mechanical characteristics are becoming a great challenge for various chemical and physical surface treatment techniques. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a popular and sustainable approach that can effectively bond and homogeneously deposit functional groups or nanoparticles and exhibit the excellent performance of fibber modification. This article examines aramid fibers' surface modification advancements using scCO2‐assisted techniques, including monomer grafting, impregnation, and functionalization with various functional groups and nanoparticles. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges faced in scCO2‐assisted aramid fiber modification and what the future holds for this technology.

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Progress in 4D printing of stimuli responsive materials

Cited by 18 publications

References 199 publications

Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy

Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy

Emerging Strategies in Stimuli‐Responsive Silk Architectures

Recent advancement in surface modification of aramid fiber assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide

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