Fluctuations in the intracellular chloride ion concentration,
mediated
by synthetic ion transporters, have been known to induce cytotoxicity
in cells by disrupting ionic homeostasis. However, the activity of
these transporters in modulating autophagy remains largely unexplored.
Here, we report a benzoylbenzohydrazide (1c) that self-assembles
to form a supramolecular nanochannel lumen that allows selective and
efficient transport of chloride ions across the cell membranes, disrupts
ion homeostasis, and thus leads to the induction of apoptosis in cancer
cells. It is important to note that the transporter was relatively
nontoxic to cells of noncancerous origin. 1c was also
shown to induce the deacidification of lysosomes, thereby disrupting
autophagy in cancer cells. Taken together, these findings provide
a rare example of an artificial ion channel that specifically targets
cancer cells by induction of apoptosis via disruption of autophagy.