Progress and Prospects on Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2

Zhang, Jinyong; Zeng, Hao; Gu, Jiang; Li, Haibo; Zheng, Lixin; Zou, Quanming

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020153

Cited by 267 publications

(407 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a great threat to world-wide public health in 2020 with the majority of deaths occurring in older adults. The development of effective treatments and vaccines against is now more than ever becoming a pressing and urgent challenge to overcome 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine, and correlates with function and vaccine responses

Alsaleh

Panse

Swadling

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Older adults are at high risk for infectious diseases such as the recent and vaccination seems to be the only long-term solution to the pandemic. While most vaccines are less efficacious in older adults, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underpin this. Autophagy, a major degradation pathway and one of the few processes known to prevent aging, is critical for the maintenance of immune memory in mice. Here, we show induction of autophagy is specifically induced in human vaccine-induced antigen-specific T cells in vivo. Reduced IFNg secretion by vaccine-induced T cells in older vaccinees correlateswith low autophagy. We demonstrate in human cohorts that levels of the endogenous autophagy-inducing metabolite spermidine, fall with age and supplementing it in vitro recovers autophagy and T cell function. Finally, our data show that endogenous spermidine maintains autophagy via the translation factor eIF5A and transcription factor TFEB. With these findings we have uncovered novel targets and biomarkers for the development of anti-aging drugs for human T cells, providing evidence for the use of spermidine in improving vaccine immunogenicity in the aged human population.Alsaleh, Panse et al

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine, and correlates with function and vaccine responses

Alsaleh

Panse

Swadling

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Currently, there are at least 42 vaccine candidates around the world under development and evaluation at different stages against COVID-19 [14], also accordingly from what reported by WHO through its continuously undergoing landscapes documents concerning the COVID-19 candidate vaccines. These promising vaccine candidates deal with several vaccine technologies based on recombinant protein subunits [15], nucleic acids [16], non-replicating and replicating viral vectors [17], [18], protein constructs [19], virus-like particles [20], liveattenuated virus strains [21], inactivated virus [14], or human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Trial to test COVID-19 candidate vaccines: a case study with UISS platform

Russo

Pennisi

Viceconti

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 is a severe respiratory infection that infects humans. Its outburst entitled it as a pandemic emergence. To get a grip on this outbreak, specific preventive and therapeutic interventions are urgently needed. It must be said that, until now, there are no existing vaccines for coronaviruses. To promptly and rapidly respond to pandemic events, the application of in silico trials can be used for designing and testing medicines against SARS-CoV-2 and speed-up the vaccine discovery pipeline, predicting any therapeutic failure and minimizing undesired effects. Here, we present an in silico platform that showed to be in very good agreement with the latest literature in predicting SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and related immune system host response. Moreover, it has been used to predict the outcome of one of the latest suggested approach to design an effective vaccine, based on monoclonal antibody. Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) in silico platform is potentially ready to be used as an in silico trial platform to predict the outcome of vaccination strategy against SARS-CoV-2.Index Terms-Agent-Based Model, human monoclonal antibodies, In Silico Trials, SARS-CoV-2, vaccines.

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“…1 Multiple types of vaccines are under urgent development, and some of them have entered clinical trials. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Because no vaccine against coronavirus has been widely used in humans, experiences are scanty regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccination against COVID-19. Moreover, development of vaccines against SARS CoV, which caused a deadly outbreak in the 2000s, encountered much difficulty.…”

Section: The Pandemic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, development of vaccines against SARS CoV, which caused a deadly outbreak in the 2000s, encountered much difficulty. [3][4][5][6][7] The difficulty has also manifested in research of coronavirus vaccines in veterinary medicine. 8 First, coronaviruses can escape the immunity induced by inactivated vaccines or recombinant protein vaccines through rapid evolution.…”

Section: The Pandemic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Vaccination enhancement has been observed in the research of SARS vaccines and may be a pitfall in the development of COVID-19 vaccines. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Due to the difficulty in vaccine development, it is possible that no safe and effective vaccines shall be marketed before 2022 when the pandemic shall likely end worldwide, although various vaccines against COVID-19 are under development with unprecedented rapidity. 3,10 This possibility puts the whole world in a terrible crisis, and most countries have to maintain the blocking-and-curing strategy for months, which is too costly with too many deaths, too much uncertainty, and too extensive chaos.…”

Section: The Pandemic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID‐19 pandemic: History and mechanism

Chen

Chen²

2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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The whole world has entered a terrible crisis with a huge and increasing amount of human deaths and economic loss in fighting the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2. The live pathogen vaccine (LPV) strategy, which originated in ancient China for fighting smallpox, has been applied successfully in the USA military recruits for decades to control acute respiratory diseases caused by types 4 and 7 adenoviruses. This strategy has also been widely employed in veterinary medicine. These facts suggest a fast way out of the current pandemic crisis, namely that SARS-CoV-2 could be directly used as a live vaccine. Beyond the two traditional mechanisms to guarantee the LPV's safety (SARS-CoV-2 is not highly pathogenic; the LPV is inoculated bypassing the respiratory sites of pathology), three novel mechanisms to further ensure the LPV's safety are available (the virus replication is inhibited with early use of an antiviral drug; symptomatic LPV recipients are cured with convalescent plasma; the LPV is inoculated in hot seasons). This LPV strategy has multiple potential advantages over other options, and could reduce This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Articlegreatly the morbidity and mortality as well as economic loss caused by the pandemic. The safety and efficacy of this strategy should be investigated strictly using animal experiments and clinical trials, and even if the experiments and trials all support the strategy, it should be implemented with enough cautiousness. Highlights The world has entered a terrible crisis in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic  Live pathogen vaccines (LPV) defeated infectious disease caused by adenoviruses  The LPV strategy has been widely employed in veterinary medicine  The LPV strategy could be a way out of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis  Five mechanisms can be employed to ensure the safety of the LPV of SARS-CoV-2  The LPV strategy should be examined with animal experiments and clinical trials

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Progress and Prospects on Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 267 publications

References 75 publications

Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine, and correlates with function and vaccine responses

Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine, and correlates with function and vaccine responses

In Silico Trial to test COVID-19 candidate vaccines: a case study with UISS platform

Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID‐19 pandemic: History and mechanism

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