Progress and challenges for understanding the function of cortical microcircuits in auditory processing

Blackwell, Jennifer M.; Geffen, Maria N.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01755-2

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, cortical interneurons have been implicated in different aspects of auditory processing, including adaptation to stimulus statistics (Blackwell and Geffen 2017). This has previously been examined in the context of stimulus-specific adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast gain control occurs independently of both parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity and shunting inhibition in auditory cortex

Cooke

Kahn

Mann

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurophysiology

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We investigated whether contrast gain control is mediated by shunting inhibition from parvalbumin-positive interneurons in auditory cortex. We performed extracellular and intracellular recordings in mouse auditory cortex while presenting sensory stimuli with varying contrasts and manipulated parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity using optogenetics. We show that while parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity modulates the gain of cortical responses, this activity is not the primary mechanism for contrast gain control in auditory cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast gain control occurs independently of both parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity and shunting inhibition in auditory cortex

Cooke

Kahn

Mann

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The activity of excitatory neurons is shaped by feedback and recurrent networks that interweave complex excitatory-inhibitory interactions. Inhibitory neurons are remarkably diverse in their morphology and physiological properties, as well as in their complex connectivity patterns, targeting not only excitatory neurons but also other interneurons ( Blackwell & Geffen, 2017 ; Isaacson & Scanziani, 2011 ). The two most common classes of GABAergic neurons are the parvalbumin- (PV) and somatostatin- (SOM) positive interneurons.…”

Section: The Cortical Contribution To Deviance Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuronal Basis of Predictive Coding Along the Auditory Pathway: From the Subcortical Roots to Cortical Deviance Detection

2018

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In this review, we attempt to integrate the empirical evidence regarding stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) and mismatch negativity (MMN) under a predictive coding perspective (also known as Bayesian or hierarchical-inference model). We propose a renewed methodology for SSA study, which enables a further decomposition of deviance detection into repetition suppression and prediction error, thanks to the use of two controls previously introduced in MMN research: the many-standards and the cascade sequences. Focusing on data obtained with cellular recordings, we explain how deviance detection and prediction error are generated throughout hierarchical levels of processing, following two vectors of increasing computational complexity and abstraction along the auditory neuraxis: from subcortical toward cortical stations and from lemniscal toward nonlemniscal divisions. Then, we delve into the particular characteristics and contributions of subcortical and cortical structures to this generative mechanism of hierarchical inference, analyzing what is known about the role of neuromodulation and local microcircuitry in the emergence of mismatch signals. Finally, we describe how SSA and MMN are occurring at similar time frame and cortical locations, and both are affected by the manipulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. We conclude that there is enough empirical evidence to consider SSA and MMN, respectively, as the microscopic and macroscopic manifestations of the same physiological mechanism of deviance detection in the auditory cortex. Hence, the development of a common theoretical framework for SSA and MMN is all the more recommendable for future studies. In this regard, we suggest a shared nomenclature based on the predictive coding interpretation of deviance detection.

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“…In addition, the spontaneous rate of cortical neurons did not decrease for stronger adaptation as it did with activation of PV inhibitory neurons in the mentioned study. Nonetheless, we cannot rule out possible effects of inhibition from other interneurons with shorter, more transient timescales as observed in somatostatin (SOMs) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing (VIPs) interneurons [64,65]. Further studies using optogenetics to manipulate different types of inhibitory neurons may provide additional insight on how inhibition affects adaptation in the auditory cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of adaptation in generating monotonic rate codes in auditory cortex

2020

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In primary auditory cortex, slowly repeated acoustic events are represented temporally by the stimulus-locked activity of single neurons. Single-unit studies in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have shown that a sub-population of these neurons also monotonically increase or decrease their average discharge rate during stimulus presentation for higher repetition rates. Building on a computational single-neuron model that generates stimuluslocked responses with stimulus evoked excitation followed by strong inhibition, we find that stimulus-evoked short-term depression is sufficient to produce synchronized monotonic positive and negative responses to slowly repeated stimuli. By exploring model robustness and comparing it to other models for adaptation to such stimuli, we conclude that short-term depression best explains our observations in single-unit recordings in awake marmosets. Together, our results show how a simple biophysical mechanism in single neurons can generate complementary neural codes for acoustic stimuli.

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Progress and challenges for understanding the function of cortical microcircuits in auditory processing

Cited by 35 publications

References 101 publications

Contrast gain control occurs independently of both parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity and shunting inhibition in auditory cortex

Contrast gain control occurs independently of both parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity and shunting inhibition in auditory cortex

The Neuronal Basis of Predictive Coding Along the Auditory Pathway: From the Subcortical Roots to Cortical Deviance Detection

The role of adaptation in generating monotonic rate codes in auditory cortex

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