Programmed death ligand 2 expression plays a limited role in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction after preoperative chemotherapy

Abstract

Summary Background The effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2) are unknown and little is known about how the tumor microenvironment changes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (AEG). Recently, a number of studies reported that cytotoxic chemotherapy affects the expression levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1). Regarding PD-L2, the second known ligand of PD‑1, no data on potential changes in expression patterns in patients with preoperatively treated AEG are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cytotoxic chemotherapy on PD-L2 expression in patients with resectable AEG. Methods Consecutive patients with locally advanced AEG treated with preoperative cytotoxic chemotherapy were included. PD-L2 expression by cancer cells (CCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was investigated in samples of paired diagnostic biopsies and resected tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry using two different anti-PD-L2 antibodies. Results Included were 40 patients with AEG and available paired tumor tissue samples. PD-L2 expression was observed in one diagnostic biopsy sample by CCs and in one diagnostic biopsy sample by TILs. There was no difference concerning the expression levels measured by the two antibodies. Conclusion In contrast to previously published studies reporting PD-L2 expression rates of up to 50% in AEGs, in our cohort, PD-L2 expression seems to play no significant role in AEG.

Preoperative BChE serves as prognostic marker in patients with resectable AEG after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

“…Chronic in ammation is leading to metabolic alterations, muscle wasting and cachexia and is known as predictor in tumor initiation [13]. Furthermore, several serological biomarkers are potentially re ecting a state of in ammation and malnutrition and have been linked to the oncologic outcome of patients with esophageal cancer [14][15][16][17]. While the association of malnutrition and poor oncologic outcome can be evaluated by using the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score [18], chronic in ammation and its impact on the prognosis in esophageal cancer patients was discussed by evaluating the preoperative Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or the Albumin-to-Fibrinogen ratio, for instance [19,20].…”

Preoperative BChE serves as a prognostic marker in patients with resectable AEG after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

“…Chronic inflammation is leading to metabolic alterations, muscle wasting, and cachexia and is known as predictor in tumor initiation [ 13 ]. Furthermore, several serological biomarkers are potentially reflecting a state of inflammation and malnutrition and have been linked to the oncologic outcome of patients with esophageal cancer [ 14 – 17 ]. While the association of malnutrition and poor oncologic outcome can be evaluated by using the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score [ 18 ], chronic inflammation and its impact on the prognosis in esophageal cancer patients were discussed by evaluating the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio, for instance [ 19 , 20 ].…”