Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-1 Ligand as Prognostic Markers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity

Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Paulina; Majchrzak, Adam; Aksak‐Wąs, Bogusz; Serwin, Karol; Czajkowski, Z; Grywalska, Ewelina; Korona-Głowniak, Izabela; Roliński, Jacek; Parczewski, Miłosz

doi:10.3390/cells11121978

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous reports have shown that 3 to 6 months after initial vaccination and booster doses, significant anti-spike titer decline is observed in dialysis patients [ 12 , 24 ]. At present, individualizing additional dose prescriptions is probably the best strategy to obtain an optimal immune response, avoiding the risk of hyperstimulation and immune exhaustion [ 25 , 26 ]. Vulnerable patients with lower antibody titers or negative humoral response are the highest risk group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dynamic Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Quiroga

Soler²,

Ortíz³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) present an impaired humoral response against SARS-CoV-2, at least after the initial vaccination and booster dose. Until now, the effect of a fourth dose has not been established. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term dynamics of the humoral response of PD patients to multiple doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, focusing on the effect of the fourth dose. Methods. This is an analysis of the prospective and multicentric SENCOVAC study. We included patients on PD without additional immunosuppression that had received at least 3 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine doses. We evaluated anti-spike antibody titers after the initial vaccination, third and fourth doses, using prespecified fixed assessments (i.e., baseline, 28 days, 3, 6, and 12 months after completing the initial vaccine schedule). Breakthrough infections were also collected. Results. We included 164 patients on PD (69% males, 62 ± 13 years old). In patients who had received only two doses, the rates of positive humoral response progressively decreased from 96% at 28 days to 80% at 6 months, as did with anti-spike antibody titers. At 6 months, 102 (62%) patients had received the third vaccine dose. Patients with the third dose had higher rates of positive humoral response (p = 0.01) and higher anti-spike antibody titers (p < 0.001) at 6 months than those with only 2 doses. At 12 months, the whole cohort had received 3 vaccine doses, and 44 (27%) patients had an additional fourth dose. The fourth dose was not associated to higher rates of positive humoral response (100 vs. 97%, p = 0.466) or to statistically significant differences in anti-spike antibody titers as compared to three doses (p = 0.371) at 12 months. Prior antibody titers were the only predictor for subsequent higher anti-spike antibody titer (B 0.53 [95%CI 0.27–0.78], p < 0.001). The 2 (1.2%) patients that developed COVID-19 during follow-up had mild disease. Conclusions. PD presents an acceptable humoral response with three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that improve the progressive loss of anti-spike antibody titers following two vaccine doses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dynamic Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Quiroga

Soler²,

Ortíz³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A very recent study performed by Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej et al investigated the dynamic evolution of T, B, and NK cells during 14 days of hospitalization, both ICU and non-ICU, and the role of PD-1/PD-L1 as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients. They found that for the admission moment, the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 was higher for CD4 + and CD19 + cells, but not for CD8 + cells, and did not change during the study period [ 16 ], although the study did not provide the PD-1 expression on NK cells. In our study, the PD-1 expression was evenly distributed across the different time moments and disease outcomes for all NK subpopulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same authors reported no difference in NK percentage between ICU and non-ICU patients, for all three time points, but NK cells were significantly higher in healthy controls compared to COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the NK population was found significantly higher in patients with fatal outcomes compared to survivors, and the percentage did not differ significantly across the moments [ 16 ]. In our study, the total NK % was slightly higher in survivors (not statistically significant), and for both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, the dynamic changes across the moments follow the same trend: higher NK percentage on admission with subsequent reduction of percentage during the follow-up period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important regulatory protein found on the lymphocyte membrane is Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which is found mainly on T and B lymphocytes, and to a lesser extent on monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells [ 16 ]. Along with its ligand (PD-L1), its major role is to act as an immune checkpoint, down-regulating the immune response and favoring the self-tolerance by modulating the apoptosis of antigen-specific T cells and regulatory T cells [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamic Evaluation of Natural Killer Cells Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients

Huţanu

Manu

Gabor

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of the total Natural Killer (NK) cells and different NK subpopulations according to their differentiated expression of CD16/CD56 in COVID-19 patients. Blood samples with EDTA were analyzed on day 1 (admission moment), day 5, and day 10 for the NK subtypes. At least 30,000 singlets were collected for each sample and white blood cells were gated in CD45/SSC and CD16/CD56 dot plots of fresh human blood. From the lymphocyte singlets, the NK cells subpopulations were analyzed based on the differentiated expression of surface markers and classified as follows: CD16-CD56+/++/CD16+CD56++/CD16+CD56+/CD16++CD56−. By examining the CD56 versus CD16 flow cytometry dot plots, we found four distinct NK sub-populations. These NK subtypes correspond to different NK phenotypes from secretory to cytolytic ones. There was no difference between total NK percentage of different disease forms. However, the total numbers decreased significantly both in survivors and non-survivors. Additionally, for the CD16-CD56+/++ phenotype, we observed different patterns, gradually decreasing in survivors and gradually increasing in those with fatal outcomes. Despite no difference in the proportion of the CD16−CD56++ NK cells in survivors vs. non–survivors, the main cytokine producers gradually decline during the study period in the survival group, underling the importance of adequate IFN production during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistency in the circulation of CD56++ NK cells may have prognostic value in patients, with a fatal outcome. Total NK cells and the CD16+CD56+ NK subtypes exhibit significant decreasing trends across the moments for both survivors and non-survivors.

show abstract

“…Hence, the T cells reactivation by checkpoint inhibitors could represent a valid approach to counter COVID-19 infection [ 75 ]. Moreover, a PD-1 upregulation in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed in COVID-19 disease, supporting the use of checkpoint inhibitors in reinforcing viral clearance [ 76 ]. The COPERNICO trial investigated the ability of Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) plus tocilizumab in interrupting hyperinflammation and restoring cellular immunocompetence ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Therapeutic Agents In Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Overview of Antiviral Drug Therapy for COVID-19: Where Do We Stand?

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The vaccine weapon has resulted in being essential in fighting the COVID-19 outbreak, but it is not fully preventing infection due to an alarming spreading of several identified variants of concern. In fact, the recent emergence of variants has pointed out how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a global health threat. Moreover, oral antivirals also develop resistance, supporting the need to find new targets as therapeutic tools. However, cocktail therapy is useful to reduce drug resistance and maximize vaccination efficacy. Natural products and metal-drug-based treatments have also shown interesting antiviral activity, representing a valid contribution to counter COVID-19 outbreak. This report summarizes the available evidence which supports the use of approved drugs and further focuses on significant clinical trials that have investigated the safety and efficacy of repurposing drugs and new molecules in different COVID-19 phenotypes. To date, there are many individuals vulnerable to COVID-19 exhibiting severe symptoms, thus characterizing valid therapeutic strategies for better management of the disease is still a challenge.

show abstract

Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-1 Ligand as Prognostic Markers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Long-Term Dynamic Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Long-Term Dynamic Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Dynamic Evaluation of Natural Killer Cells Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients

Overview of Antiviral Drug Therapy for COVID-19: Where Do We Stand?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About