Programme National Nutrition Santé – guidelines score 2 (PNNS-GS2): development and validation of a diet quality score reflecting the 2017 French dietary guidelines

Chaltiel, Dan; Adjibade, Moufidath; Deschamps, Valérie; Touvier, Mathilde; Herçberg, Serge; Julia, Chantal; Kesse‐Guyot, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1017/s0007114519001181

Cited by 68 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Adherence to the French dietary recommendations was evaluated during the month before the lockdown and during the first month of the lockdown using the simplified PNNS-GS2 (sPNNS-GS2), an index previously designed to reflect the 2017 French main dietary recommendations ( Chaltiel et al, 2019 ). The sPNNS-GS2 builds on the distinction between malus components (less healthy food groups which consumption should be limited, carrying a negative score, i.e., red meat, processed meat, sugary foods, sweet-tasting beverages, alcoholic beverages, salt) and bonus components (healthier food groups carrying a positive score, i.e., fruits and vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole-grain food, milk and dairy products, fish and seafood).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food choice motives and the nutritional quality of diet during the COVID-19 lockdown in France

et al. 2021

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To limit the transmission of COVID-19, nationwide lockdown was imposed in France between March, 17th and May 10th, 2020. This disruption in individuals’ daily routines likely altered food consumption habits. We examined how changes in food choice motives related to changes in nutritional quality during the lockdown compared to before. A convenience sample of 938 French adults completed online questionnaires on the Qualtrics platform at the end of April 2020. Participants were retrospectively asked about their food choice motives and food consumption during the month before and in the first month of the lockdown. The importance of nine food choice motives was assessed: health, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, ethical concern, weight control, mood, familiarity, and price, scoring from 1 to 4. Food intakes were recorded using a food frequency questionnaire including 110 foods, 12 non-alcoholic beverages and 4 alcoholic beverages. Adherence to the French dietary recommendations before and during the lockdown was estimated using the simplified PNNS-GS2, scoring from −17 to 11.5. The nutritional quality of diet was lower during the lockdown compared to before (−0.32, SD 2.28, p < 0.001). Food choice motives significantly changed and an increase in the importance of weight control was associated with increased nutritional quality (β = 0.89, p < 0.001, partial η 2 = 0.032), whereas an increase in the importance of mood was associated with decreased nutritional quality (β = −0.43, p = 0.021, partial η 2 = 0.006). The lockdown period in France was related to a decrease in nutritional quality of diet on average, which could be partly explained by changes in food choice motives. The lockdown was indeed related to modification of food choice motives, notably with an increase of mood as a food choice motive for 48% of the participants, but also with an increase of health (26%), ethical concern (21%) and natural content (19%) suggesting a growing awareness of the importance of sustainable food choices in some participants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food choice motives and the nutritional quality of diet during the COVID-19 lockdown in France

et al. 2021

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“…The PNNS-GS2 is a score that reflects adherence to the 2017 French nutritional guidelines ( Table 1 ) [ 28 ]. Briefly, it includes 13 components, of which seven are considered as adequacy recommendations and six refer to moderation recommendations.…”

Section: Diet Quality and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the aHEI, the PNNS-GS2 has no specific sub-score for SFA, but SFA intake is captured by the recommendation on added fat (to favor vegetable sources of fat vs. animal sources of fat) and indirectly by the recommendation on processed meats. Hence, individuals with a higher PNNS-GS2 consumed less SFA than individuals with a lower score [ 28 ]. Cross-sectional data from the Nutrinet-Santé Study have shown that a higher PNNS-GS2 was associated with a lower BMI, lower TG and glucose concentrations, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and with higher concentrations of HDL-C in both men and women [ 28 ].…”

Section: Diet Quality and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, individuals with a higher PNNS-GS2 consumed less SFA than individuals with a lower score [ 28 ]. Cross-sectional data from the Nutrinet-Santé Study have shown that a higher PNNS-GS2 was associated with a lower BMI, lower TG and glucose concentrations, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and with higher concentrations of HDL-C in both men and women [ 28 ]. Recent data also suggest that higher adherence to the French dietary guidelines is prospectively associated with a lower risk of being overweight or obese [ 29 ].…”

Section: Diet Quality and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet Quality, Saturated Fat and Metabolic Syndrome

2020

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Indices reflecting overall diet quality are used globally in research to predict the risk of various diseases and metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Such indices are built to measure adherence to current dietary guidelines or to best assess the diet–disease relationship. Although mostly food-based, dietary guidelines often include recommendations to limit saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, not all diet quality indices consider SFA in their definition of diet quality. Additionally, the relationship between SFA consumption and the development of MetS remains unclear. The purpose of this short review was to explore the association between MetS and various diet quality indices and dietary patterns, with a focus on how SFA contributes to these associations.

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“…Specifically, milk proteins (whey and casein) are nutritionally complete and highly digestible, with high amino acid scores, and contain all amino acids in amounts sufficient to support the maintenance of all body proteins [ 29 , 30 ]. Due to its nutrient profile, the dietary guidelines of most Western countries recommend at least 2–3 daily servings of milk or milk products [ 15 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The Korean Nutrition Society recommends that Korean adults consume at least one serving of milk per day [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dairy Protein Intake on Muscle Mass among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Joung

2020

Nutrients

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This cohort study aimed to identify the associations of dairy protein intake with the risk of developing a low muscle mass during a 12-year follow-up period, using data from 4412 middle-aged Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants with a normal baseline muscle mass. Dairy protein intake at baseline was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), defined as the weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass, was measured biennially using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 395 subjects developed a low SMI (%) during an average follow-up of 141 (19–152) months. The average consumption of milk and other dairy products was 73.6 and 104.1 g/day, respectively. In men, a higher dairy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of developing a low SMI (tertile 3 [T3] vs. T1, HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.94; p for trend = 0.029). In a stratified analysis according to a total protein intake, this association was stronger in the lower-protein intake group (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99; p for trend = 0.036) but not detected in the higher-protein intake group. Men who consumed milk ≥1 time/day had a significantly lower risk of developing a low SMI (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98; p for trend = 0.023). No significant associations were observed in women. In summary, dairy consumption appears to be beneficial for decreasing the risk of developing a low muscle mass in middle-aged Korean men.

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Programme National Nutrition Santé – guidelines score 2 (PNNS-GS2): development and validation of a diet quality score reflecting the 2017 French dietary guidelines

Cited by 68 publications

References 37 publications

Food choice motives and the nutritional quality of diet during the COVID-19 lockdown in France

Food choice motives and the nutritional quality of diet during the COVID-19 lockdown in France

Diet Quality, Saturated Fat and Metabolic Syndrome

Effect of Dairy Protein Intake on Muscle Mass among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

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