Programmable Radio Environments with Large Arrays of Inexpensive Antennas

Li, Zhuqi; Xie, Yaxiong; Shangguan, Longfei; Zelaya, R. Ivan; Gummeson, Jeremy; Hu, Wenjun; Jamieson, Kyle

doi:10.1145/3379092.3379102

Cited by 30 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Relays and massive MIMO, have been envisioned, on the other hand, as platforms in which the EM signal are first converted into the digital domain and, after processing, are converted back to the EM domain. The large-scale experimental platforms reported in [3], [252], [253], [254], which are described in Section V-V, clearly point this out. Despite these general considerations, it is important to identify a fair basis for the comparison of RISs against relays and massive MIMO.…”

Section: R Relays and Massive Multiple-input-multiple-output Systemsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Along the same lines as [3], a few other research groups around the world have built prototypes for realizing smart surfaces that are made of large arrays of inexpensive antennas. Notable fully-functional experimental testbeds and experimental activities along this line of research include the PRESS (programmable radio environment for smart spaces) prototype [252], the LAIA (large array of inexpensive antenna) prototype [253], and the ScatterMIMO prototype [254]. As far as the realization of smart surfaces based on metasurfaces is concerned, a relevant example is the HyperSurface hardware platform: A software-defined, controllable, and programmable metasurface structure that is capable of shaping the EM waves in reconfigurable ways.…”

Section: Experimental Assessment and Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How It Works, State of Research, and The Road Ahead

Renzo

Zappone

Debbah

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

2,006

918

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What is a reconfigurable intelligent surface? What is a smart radio environment? What is a metasurface? How do metasurfaces work and how to model them? How to reconcile the mathematical theories of communication and electromagnetism? What are the most suitable uses and applications of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in wireless networks? What are the most promising smart radio environments for wireless applications? What is the current state of research? What are the most important and challenging research issues to tackle? These are a few of the many questions that we investigate in this short opus, which has the threefold objective of introducing the emerging research field of smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, putting forth the need of reconciling and reuniting C. E. Shannon's mathematical theory of communication with G. Green's and J. C. Maxwell's mathematical theories of electromagnetism, and reporting pragmatic guidelines and recipes for employing appropriate physics-based models of metasurfaces in wireless communications.

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Section: R Relays and Massive Multiple-input-multiple-output Systemsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Experimental Assessment and Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How It Works, State of Research, and The Road Ahead

Renzo

Zappone

Debbah

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

2,006

918

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If the area accessible to the attacker is limited, a potential solution is to customize WiFi signal coverage using 3D fabricated reflectors [70] or backscatter arrays [39] that create noise towards the area. Yet both remain open research problems.…”

Section: B Geofencing Wifi Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Et Tu Alexa? When Commodity WiFi Devices Turn into Adversarial Motion Sensors

Zhu¹,

Xiao²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Proceedings 2020 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium

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Our work demonstrates a new set of silent reconnaissance attacks, which leverages the presence of commodity WiFi devices to track users inside private homes and offices, without compromising any WiFi network, data packets, or devices. We show that just by sniffing existing WiFi signals, an adversary can accurately detect and track movements of users inside a building. This is made possible by our new signal model that links together human motion near WiFi transmitters and variance of multipath signal propagation seen by the attacker sniffer outside of the property. The resulting attacks are cheap, highly effective, and yet difficult to detect. We implement the attack using a single commodity smartphone, deploy it in 11 realworld offices and residential apartments, and show it is highly effective. Finally, we evaluate potential defenses, and propose a practical and effective defense based on AP signal obfuscation.

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“…Furthermore, a recent full-duplex active relaying approach achieves additional spatial streams without the need for sharing the transmitted data [13], but needs to be wallpowered. On the other hand, novel passive approaches have been proposed to improve the throughput [14,30,55], however, they fall short of providing improvements as compared to active approaches. For example, a recent work [30] improves throughput by a fraction (20%) and is limited to a short range (8 meters).…”

Section: P H a S E S E Tti N G Smentioning

confidence: 99%

ScatterMIMO

Dunna

Zhang

Sievenpiper

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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In the last decade, the bandwidth expansion and MIMO spatial multiplexing have promised to increase data throughput by orders of magnitude. However, we are yet to enjoy such improvement in real-world environments, as they lack rich scattering and preclude effective MIMO spatial multiplexing. In this paper, we present ScatterMIMO, which uses smart surface to increase the scattering in the environment, to provide MIMO spatial multiplexing gain. Specifically, smart surface pairs up with a wireless transmitter device say an active AP and re-radiates the same amount of power as any active access point (AP), thereby creating virtual passive APs. ScatterMIMO avoids the synchronization, interference, and power requirements of conventional distributed MIMO systems by leveraging virtual passive APs, allowing its smart surface to provide spatial multiplexing gain, which can be deployed at a very low cost. We show that with optimal placement, these virtual APs can provide signals to their clients with power comparable to real active APs, and can increase the coverage of an AP. Furthermore, we design algorithms to optimize ScatterMIMO's smart surface for each client with minimal measurement overhead and to overcome random per-packet phase offsets during the measurement. Our evaluations show that with commercial off-the-shelf MIMO WiFi (11ac) AP and unmodified clients, ScatterMIMO provides a median throughput improvement of 2 × over the active AP alone. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Wireless devices; • Networks → Physical links; Wireless local area networks.

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Programmable Radio Environments with Large Arrays of Inexpensive Antennas

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How It Works, State of Research, and The Road Ahead

Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How It Works, State of Research, and The Road Ahead

Et Tu Alexa? When Commodity WiFi Devices Turn into Adversarial Motion Sensors

ScatterMIMO

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