Programmable Linear Polarisation Meter for Determination of Corrosion Rate of Reinforcement in Concrete Structures

Gowers, K. R.; Millard, S.G.; Gill, J. S.; Gill, R. P

doi:10.1179/000705994798267999

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The data provides a valuable insight into the instantaneous corrosion rate of the steel reinforcement, giving more detailed information than a simple potential survey (Song et al 2007). More details regarding Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) Measurement technique can be found in Gowers et al (1994) and Broomfield (1996).…”

Section: Surface Potential (Sp) Measurements (Ilzic 1995)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reinforcing bars interfere with resistivity measurements (Song et al 2007). (Stern and Geary 1957, Gowers et al 1994and Broomfield 1996 The electrochemical principle behind the linear polarization technique is based on the Stern-Geary equation, which gives the inverse relationship between the corrosion current density and the polarization resistance with the Stern-Geary constant and the area of steel that is polarized. The normal set up requires three electrodes.…”

Section: Surface Potential (Sp) Measurements (Ilzic 1995)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Inspection of Corrosion and Delamination at the Concrete-Steel Reinforcement Interface

Miller

Hauser

Kundu

2002

Nondestructive Evaluation

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This paper explores the feasibility of detecting and quantifying corrosion and delamination at the interface between reinforcing steel bar and concrete using ultrasonic guided waves. The problem of corrosion and delamination of the reinforcing steel in the aging infrastructure has increased significantly in the last three decades and is likely to keep on increasing. Ultrasonic cylindrical guided waves that can propagate a long distance along the reinforcing steel bar are found to be sensitive to the interface conditions between steel bar and concrete. Ultrasonic transducers are used to launch and detect cylindrical guided waves along the steel bar. The traditional ultrasonic testing methods, for instance the pulse-echo method, where reflection, transmission, and scattering of longitudinal waves are used for detecting large voids in concrete, are not very efficient for detecting corrosion and delamination at the interface between concrete and steel bar. For this study four sets of specimens were prepared. They are rebars and plain steel bars with corrosion and physical separation. Transducers used during the experiment are the Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) and the Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT). The experiment suggests that the guided wave inspection technique is feasible for the health monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. It also reveals that the ultrasonic guided waves are sensitive to the type of steel used and to the rib patterns on the reformed steel bars.

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Section: Surface Potential (Sp) Measurements (Ilzic 1995)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Potential (Sp) Measurements (Ilzic 1995)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Inspection of Corrosion and Delamination at the Concrete-Steel Reinforcement Interface

Miller

Hauser

Kundu

2002

Nondestructive Evaluation

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“…16) as outlined above. In the area of the sensor set 3, the MC currents turn into anodic currents during depolarization, the anodic currents (0.1 mA/ cm 2 ) are of a magnitude that is expected for passive steel [26]. The question (2), is the steel reinforcement really in a passive or at least non-corroding state, if there are no anodic MC currents detectable on the MC sensor set during depolarization, arises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 and 12). If there is no or negligible corrosion -passive steel may corrode up to a rate of 0.2 mA/cm 2 [26] -then the ohmic potential shift will also be negligible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cathodic protection on macrocell currents: A viable method to monitor and control the efficiency of CP?

Wolfgang¹,

Tritthart²

2009

Materials & Corrosion

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Corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in concrete structures by cathodic protection (CP) is a cost effective, reliable, and widely accepted method to stop and prevent the corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The efficiency of CP is usually monitored by the ''24 h, 100 mV depolarization criterion,'' a purely empirical criterion whose implementation is cost and labor intensive and that does not allow online control of CP. Within an extended research project on CP applied to concrete members of a highway bridge exposed to penetrating moisture, three sets of macrocells (MC), each composed of five MC sensors, were installed in conjunction with concrete resistance sensors and silver/silver chloride reference cells. Chloride profiles were determined from the cored or drilled powder originating from the installation of sensors and from drilling cores. Corrosion currents, steel potentials, and concrete resistance were monitored over a period of 1 year before, after installing the CP systems (which remained switched off for half a year for evaluating the effect of the conductive coating), and after startup of the CP systems. The CP systems applied consist of a moisture resistant conductive coating. As expected CP has a pronounced effect on local MC currents: Anodic MC currents were reduced or changed into cathodic currents, whereas cathodic currents were only weakly influenced. By adjusting the applied protection current all anodic MC currents may be changed into cathodic MC currents. Results indicate that the 100 mV depolarization criterion is a conservative criterion in atmospherically exposed concrete; it is not reliable in strongly wetted concrete. There was no consistent correlation between the CP induced changes in the local MC currents and 24 h depolarization values indicating that large potential shifts induced by CP do not necessarily imply overprotection. Results show that monitoring MC currents before, during, and after CP operation allows to demonstrate in a transparent way the effect of CP on the corrosion of the steel reinforcement. Online monitoring of MC currents is proposed as a viable and comprehensible method to monitor and control the efficiency of CP.

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“…The electrochemical methods for studying corrosion mechanism of steel in concrete are indispensable according to its electrochemical principle in nature. However, because of high resistivity, occluded system and complexity for the steel/concrete system, most of traditional electrochemical methods, such as half-cell potential measurement [5,6], polarization resistance [7][8][9], ac impedance [10,11], and even electrochemical noise measurement [12][13][14][15], are difficult to obtain information on local corrosion of steel rebar in concrete. It remains a challenge to in situ follow the mutual actions of micro corrosion cells and macro corrosion cells for a corrosion process at the steel/concrete interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on interaction between macrocell and microcell in the early corrosion process of reinforcing steel in concrete

Wang

et al. 2010

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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An array electrode technique was developed as a novel electrochemical method for studying the interaction between macrocell and microcell in the early corrosion process of reinforcing steel in cement mortar. The corrosion potential and galvanic current of macrocell corrosion of the reinforcing steel in cement mortar were imaged by the array electrode technique during the corrosion initiation and propagation. It was certified that the corrosion macrocell current is closely related with the difference of corrosion potential between the anodic and cathodic areas. The corrosion macrocell and microcell always exist during the corrosion process. The interaction of corrosion macrocell and corrosion microcell of steel in concrete was directly sensed by the array electrode for the first time, and was discussed in terms of corrosion electrochemistry.National Natural Science Foundation of China [50731004]; Technology Support Programs of China [2007BAB27B04

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Programmable Linear Polarisation Meter for Determination of Corrosion Rate of Reinforcement in Concrete Structures

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Nondestructive Inspection of Corrosion and Delamination at the Concrete-Steel Reinforcement Interface

Nondestructive Inspection of Corrosion and Delamination at the Concrete-Steel Reinforcement Interface

Effect of cathodic protection on macrocell currents: A viable method to monitor and control the efficiency of CP?

Study on interaction between macrocell and microcell in the early corrosion process of reinforcing steel in concrete

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