Programmable Controls of Multiple Modes of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons to Reach Reconfigurable Plasmonic Devices

Abstract

conductors (PECs) instead of plasmas with negative permittivity. In order to realize similar SPPs at low frequencies, the concept of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) was proposed since 2004 by decorating a series of 3D periodically artificial structures on the metal surface. [2][3][4][5][6] To overcome the complexity of 3D structures, an ultrathin corrugated metallic strip was proposed in 2013 to support and guide the SSPPs with high confinement even when it was bent, twisted, or wrapped arbitrarily. [7] To integrate such a single-conductor SSPP transmission line with the conventional two-conductor microwave transmission lines efficiently, some matching transitions were proposed to make a smooth conversion between the SSPP modes and traditional guided-wave modes. [8,9] Hereafter, many related works have been reported based on SSPPs, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] which have advantages of low transmission loss, highly localized fields, low crosstalk, and so on.Recently, programmable metamaterials and metasurfaces have been developed greatly for the dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, which give the possibility for a single device to possess different functionalities that can be electrically switched through field programming. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, only a few works for the dynamic manipulation of SSPPs have been reported at both terahertz [28][29][30] and microwave [16,[31][32][33][34][35] frequencies, and that most of them are simply tunable SSPPs rather than programmable ones. For example, by placing the split-ring resonators (SRRs) close to the plasmonic waveguide, the resonance of the SRR will introduce a narrow rejection band, whose central frequency can be tuned by controlling the resonant response of the SRRs. [15,16,31] However, these designs usually suffer from the shortcomings of narrow rejection band and poor stability due to the strong resonance of the SRRs. Recently, the concepts of programmable SSPPs to realize three digital-analog functionalities, [36] reconfigurable SSPPs to realize frequency spectrum tunable SSPPs filter, [37] and tunable spoof surface plasmon transmission line (SSP-TL) to construct a compact and frequency-reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider [38] have been proposed one after another. However, they can only control the fundamental mode of SSPPs.Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) can be supported and propagated on metal surfaces decorated with periodic subwavelength structures, whose dispersion properties are determined by geometrical dimensions of unit structures. However, the functions of plasmonic devices made of the conventional passive SSPPs will be fixed once the devices are fabricated. Here, an electronically controlled programmable SSPP waveguide is presented, whose dispersions can be manipulated in real time at fast speed by programing the bias voltage instead of changing the dimensions of the unit structures. There are three different modes at different frequency bands, with a forbidden band existing between the...

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