Programmable ASIPs for Multimode MIMO Transceiver

Abstract

Application specific instruction-set processors (ASIP) are a programmable and flexible alternative of traditional finite state machine (FSM) controlled registertransfer level (RTL) designs for multimode basedband systems. In this paper, we present two ASIPs for small scale multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems that demonstrate the soundness and effectiveness of ASIPs for this type of applications. The first ASIP is programmed with multiple MIMO symbol detection algorithms for 4 × 4 systems. The supported detection algorithms are minimum mean-square error (MMSE), two variants of the selective spanning with fast enumeration (SSFE) and K-best list sphere detection (LSD). The second ASIP supports MMSE and zero-forcing dirty paper coding (ZF-DPC) algorithms for a base station (BS) with 4 antennas and for 4 users. Both ASIPs are based on transport triggered architecture (TTA) and are programmed with a retargetable compiler with high level language to meet the time-to-market requirements. The detection and precoding algorithms can be switched in the respective ASIPs based on the error-rate requirements. Depending on the algorithms, MIMO detection ASIP delivers 6.16-66.66 Mbps throughput at a clock frequency of 200 MHz on 90 nm technology. The precoder ASIP provides a throughput of 52.17 and 51.95 Mbps for MMSE and ZF-DPC precoding respectively at a clock frequency of 210 MHz on 90 nm technology.

Massive MIMO Detection Techniques: A Survey

“…The K-best algorithm is also known as the M-algorithm or a beam search in the artificial intelligence literature. Unlike the conventional SD algorithm, which recursively explores all candidates within the initial radius, the K-best SD algorithm maintains only the best K branches for the next research level and other nodes are neglected [235], [236], [237]. This reduces the computational complexity at each level.…”

The implementation of the clustered‐OFDM‐based transceiver on an FPGA device: A comprehensive comparison

“…The use of ASIP was discussed in [32][33][34][35][36]. Currently, ASIP is applied to low-speed data rates transceivers.…”

Low-complexity signal detection networks based on Gauss-Seidel iterative method for massive MIMO systems

“…However, its complexity increases exponentially as the number of transmitting antennas increases, hindering its implementation in practical MIMO systems [2]. The spherical decoding (SD) detector [3] and the k-best detector [4] are two variants of ML detectors that balance computational complexity and SER by controlling the number of nodes in each search phase. Unfortunately, the QR decomposition in these nonlinear detectors leads to high computational complexity and low parallelism because of the inclusion of unfavorable matrix operations, such as element elimination.…”