Programing polyurethane with rational surface-modified graphene platelets for shape memory actuators and dielectric elastomer generators

The recent global pandemic and its tremendous effect on the price fluctuations of crude oil illustrates the side effects of petroleum dependency more evident than ever. Over the past decades, both academic and industrial communities spared endless efforts in order to replace petroleum-based materials with bioderived resources. In the current study, a series of shape memory polymer composites (SMPC's) was synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils, namely canola oil and castor oil fatty acids (COFA's) as a 100% bio-based polyol and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as an isocyanate using a solvent/catalyst-free method in order to eventuate polyurethanes (PU's). Thereafter, graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets were synthesized and embedded in the neat PU in order to overcome the thermomechanical drawbacks of the neat matrix. The chemical structure of the synthesized components, as well as the dispersion and distribution levels of the nanoparticles, was characterized. In the following, thermal and mechanical properties as well as shape memory behavior of the specimens were comprehensively investigated. Likewise, the thermal conductivity was determined. This study proves that synthesized PU's based on vegetable oil polyols, including graphene nanoparticles, exhibit proper thermal and mechanical properties, which make them stand as a potential candidate to compete with traditional petroleum-based SMPC's.

show abstract

“…Detailed information about the synthesis procedure of GO via the Hummers method is available in our previous works. [ 16,17 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed information about the synthesis procedure of GO via the Hummers method is available in our previous works. [16,17] 2.7 | Fabrication of PU/GO nanocomposites PU/GO films were fabricated via a solution casting approach. In the beginning, synthesized PU and GO nanoplatelets were separately dissolved in DMF.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Graphene Nanoplateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and design of polyurethane and its nanocomposites derived from canola‐castor oil: Mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties

Dehghan

Noroozi

Sadeghi

et al. 2020

Journal of Polymer Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The shape fixity ( R f ) and the shape recovery ( R r ), which are mainly related to the mechanical deformation and capability of recovery from the original shape, and R f and R r , are also calculated using the equation shown below [ 30 , 45 ].

…”

Section: An Overview Of Shape Memory Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarmadet et al used the graphene oxide, reduced the graphene oxide (rGO), and functionalized the reduced graphene, as a filler in the polyurethane matrix. The shape memory effect was studied and a 99.1% of shape fixity value and 96.7% shape recovery value for 5 wt% TPU composite, reinforced with GO: rGO hybrid filler, was obtained [ 30 , 45 ]. Figure 5 A illustrates the morphology of the GO-based shape memory material [(a) GO platelets, (b) rGO platelets, and (c) GO:rGO hybrid filler] and Figure 5 B shows the shape fixity, recovery, and the molecular mechanism of the shape memory behaviour [(a) Shape memory thermo-mechanical cycle, (b) The molecular mechanism of Shape memory behavior (Blue lines: molecular chains with low mobility below Tg; red lines: molecular chains with high mobility above Tg), (c) shape fixity and (d) shape recovery on neat TPU, TPU/GO, TPU/rGO and hybrid TPU/GO:rGO composites with 1, 2 and 5 wt% filler content]…”

Section: Shape Memory Materials Of Rubbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Memory Materials from Rubbers

Thomas¹,

Jibin

Kaliyathan

et al. 2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Smart materials are much discussed in the current research scenario. The shape memory effect is one of the most fascinating occurrences in smart materials, both in terms of the phenomenon and its applications. Many metal alloys and polymers exhibit the shape memory effect (SME). Shape memory properties of elastomers, such as rubbers, polyurethanes, and other elastomers, are discussed in depth in this paper. The theory, factors impacting, and key uses of SME elastomers are all covered in this article. SME has been observed in a variety of elastomers and composites. Shape fixity and recovery rate are normally analysed through thermomechanical cycle studies to understand the effectiveness of SMEs. Polymer properties such as chain length, and the inclusion of fillers, such as clays, nanoparticles, and second phase polymers, will have a direct influence on the shape memory effect. The article discusses these aspects in a simple and concise manner.

show abstract

“…Its large surface area, excellent thermomechanical behavior, and 2D structure make it an outstanding nanofiller of choice for improving mechanical properties of polymers. [ 33–37 ] For instance, the effect of GO on mechanical and shape memory properties of polyurethane (PU) was studied by Yoo et al. A higher and faster recovery was reported for the PU/GO system as compared to the neat PU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Graphene Oxide on Thermally Induced Shape Memory Behavior of PLA/TPU Blends: Correlation with Morphology, Creep Behavior, Crystallinity, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Azadi

Jafari

Khonakdar

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, shape memory is thermally induced in a series of graphene oxide (GO) filled poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA/TPU) blends, prepared via melt mixing process, and their shape recovery and shape fixity are measured, and the results are correlated with morphology, dynamic mechanical properties, crystallinity and creep recovery behavior. Morphological analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveals that the blends are immiscible, and GO platelets are mainly localized in the TPU phase of the blends, which lead to smaller and more elongated TPU droplets with improved interfacial adhesion being responsible for the improved shape recovery performance compared to the unfilled blend. A systematic enhancement found in storage and Young's modulus, tensile strength, creep resistance and creep recovery, and cold crystallinity as a result of GO inclusion are in agreement with the improved shape recovery, shape fixity and overall shape memory performance of the filled systems. The developed PLA/TPU/GO nanocomposites with highly improved mechanical properties can be utilized as a new class of environmentally friendly shape memory materials for a broad range of applications.

show abstract

Programing polyurethane with rational surface-modified graphene platelets for shape memory actuators and dielectric elastomer generators

Cited by 43 publications

References 82 publications

Synthesis and design of polyurethane and its nanocomposites derived from canola‐castor oil: Mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties

Synthesis and design of polyurethane and its nanocomposites derived from canola‐castor oil: Mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties

Shape Memory Materials from Rubbers

Influence of Graphene Oxide on Thermally Induced Shape Memory Behavior of PLA/TPU Blends: Correlation with Morphology, Creep Behavior, Crystallinity, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About