“…McGarity and Butts's (1984) study which examined relationships of various teacher behaviors to time-on-task also supported this notion that achievement is more related to close monitoring, providing feedback, maintaining learner, using instructional time effectively, and managing disruptive behavior rather than increasing the quantity of time-on-task. There are some other experimental studies focusing on increasing time on-task that have found that it is possible to increase engaged time and still have no significant effect on student achievement (see, for example, Emmer & Aussiker, 1990;Slavin, 1987;Stallings & Krasavage, 1986).…”