Prognostic value of the lymph node ratio in stage III colorectal cancer

Ren, Jingqing; Liu, Jianwei; Chen, Zhi-Tang; Liu, Shaojie; Huang, Shenyang; Huang, Yong; Hong, Jing-Song

doi:10.5732/cjc.011.10374

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…LN ratio (LNR) has been shown to be an independent predictor of OS and DFS following curative resection of gastrointestinal tract tumours such as oesophageal, gastric and colorectal carcinomas, but its role in PHCCA remains uncertain [17][18][19]. We have previously reported the adverse prognostic effect of a high preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR ≥ 5) on DFS following curative resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Does the extent of lymphadenectomy, number of lymph nodes, positive lymph node ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio impact surgical outcome of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?

Hakeem

Marangoni

Chapman

et al. 2014

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Does the extent of lymphadenectomy, number of lymph nodes, positive lymph node ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio impact surgical outcome of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?

Hakeem

Marangoni

Chapman

et al. 2014

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a wide spectrum of microvascular and immunological abnormalities, a high rate of metastasis and a poor prognosis . It is the third most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide .…”

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confidence: 99%

A prognostic classifier consisting of 17 circulating cytokines is a novel predictor of overall survival for metastatic colorectal cancer patients

Chen

Wang

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We aimed to determine the prognostic values of 39 circulating cytokines in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and to develop a novel cytokine-based prognostic classifier (CBPC) for prognostic prediction. A total of 176 patients were divided into two cohorts based on the date of first-line chemotherapy. The first 99 cases were assigned to the training cohort, and the remaining 77 cases were assigned to the validation cohort. Thirty-nine cytokines were simultaneously analyzed in the patient serum samples using multiplex bead-based Luminex technology. We used support vector machine-based methods and Cox proportional hazards models to develop a CBPC from the training cohort, which we then validated using the second patient cohort. Univariate analysis showed that FGF-2, TGFa, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, INFa2, GRO, IL-10, MCP-3, MDC, sIL-2Ra, IL-2, IL-7, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1b, TNFa and VEGF were significant risk factors affecting the overall survival (OS) of both the training cohort and the validation cohort. We developed a CBPC to predict the OS of metastatic CRC patients using these 17 cytokines (sensitivity, 0.835; specificity, 0.800). In the validation cohort, the CBPC was found to have significant power in predicting the OS of metastatic CRC patients. Our study showed that there were significant associations between cytokine expression and prognosis of the patients with metastatic CRC. The CBPC that we developed includes multiple circulating cytokines and may serve as a novel screening tool for identifying metastatic CRC patients with a high risk of short OS. These high-risk individuals may also be suitable for cytokine-targeted therapies.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a wide spectrum of microvascular and immunological abnormalities, a high rate of metastasis and a poor prognosis. [1][2][3][4] It is the third most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. [5][6][7] The highly vascularized tumor composition in CRC has been reported to correlate with the local tumor invasion and distant metastasis, and anti-angiogenic therapy has been able to improve survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. [8][9][10][11][12] Many cytokines have recently been reported to function as more than just attractants for inflammatory leukocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that some cytokines and their receptors act as key regulators of the tumor microenvironment and are involved in many pathological entities ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to carcinogenic processes, such as autonomous growth signaling, influencing tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. [13][14][15] A variety of cells can secrete cytokines, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and macrophages, as well as cancer cells. Some host-derived cytokines have been reported to suppress tumor formation by regulating the immunological responses. 13,16 Conversely, some other cytokines and their receptors have

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“…Applying the LNR would most probably allow us both to break free from a reduced lymph node sampling [8,10,14,[24][25][26][27][28][29] and to sub-stratify the node-positive patients so as to reduce the excessive prognostic heterogeneity [7,8,12,13,26,27,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymph Node Ratio and Liver Metachronous Metastases in Colorectal Cancer

Destri

Privitera

Greca

et al. 2016

International Surgery

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Abstract:Objective The authors seek to assess whether the LNR could predict the risk of metachronous liver metastases. Background data Using the goal of sampling 12 lymph nodes for a proper staging of colorectal cancer is often "uncommon" and the lymph node ratio (LNR) is what allows for a better prognosis selection of patients. Methods A homogeneous group of 280 patients, followed-up for at least 5 years, was evaluated. In order to highlight the groups with the highest risk of metachronous liver metastases, patients were divided into four quartiles groups in relation to the LNR. Results The number of lymph nodes sampled in group "stage I" was significantly lower. Even if statistical significance between the global LNR and the development of liver metastases has not been reached, the subdivision into quartiles has made it possible to highlight that in the more advanced ratio groups, a higher incidence of metachronous liver metastases (p <0.028) was registered and was a different distribution of patients with or without liver metastasis in function of quartiles (P =0.01).Conclusions The LNR has enabled us to prognosticate patients who are at greater risk of developing metachronous liver metastases. The lower lymph node sampling in the patients with less advanced staging (I) and in patients with node-negative cancer (I+II) who developed liver metastases, leads us to believe that some patients have been understaged. We believe that the LNR, especially in cases of adequate lymph node sampling, is a useful gauge to better sub-stratify "node-positive" patients. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationCover LetterClick here to access/download Cover Letter cover letter.pdf

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Prognostic value of the lymph node ratio in stage III colorectal cancer

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Does the extent of lymphadenectomy, number of lymph nodes, positive lymph node ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio impact surgical outcome of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?

Does the extent of lymphadenectomy, number of lymph nodes, positive lymph node ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio impact surgical outcome of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?

A prognostic classifier consisting of 17 circulating cytokines is a novel predictor of overall survival for metastatic colorectal cancer patients

Lymph Node Ratio and Liver Metachronous Metastases in Colorectal Cancer

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