Prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase levels after head injury

Ergün, Rüçhan; Bostancı, Uğur; Akdemir, Gökhan; Beşkonaklı, Etem; Kaptanoğlu, Erkan; Gürsoy, Fatih; Taşkın, Yamaç

doi:10.1080/01616412.1998.11740541

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, a switch from enolase-1 (α) to enolase-3 (β-enolase) occurs in muscle tissue during development in rodents. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the neuronal form of the glycolytic enzyme enolase (γ-enolase), is found almost exclusively in neurons and cells of neuroendocrine origin and is measurable in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (14, 15). NSE is likely to concentrate plasminogen on the cell surface and promotes pericellular plasminogen activation, ECM degradation, proliferation of inflammatory glial cells, and invasion and metastasis of tumor cells (16, 17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Enolase in Reducing Secondary Damage in Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex debilitating condition leading to permanent life-long neurological deficits. The complexity of SCI suggests that a concerted multi-targeted therapeutic approach is warranted to optimally improve function. Damage to spinal cord is complicated by an increased detrimental response from secondary injury factors mediated by activated glial cells and infiltrating macrophages. While elevation of enolase especially Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) in glial and neuronal cells is believed to trigger inflammatory cascades in acute SCI, alteration of NSE and its subsequent effects in acute SCI remains unknown. This study measured NSE expression levels and key inflammatory mediators after acute SCI and investigated the role of ENOblock, a novel small molecule inhibitor of enolase, in a male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat SCI model. Serum NSE levels as well as cytokines/chemokines and metabolic factors were evaluated in injured animals following treatment with vehicle alone or ENOblock using Discovery assay. Spinal cord samples were also analyzed for NSE and MMPs 2 and 9 as well as glial markers by Western blotting. The results indicated a significant decrease in serum inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and NSE, alterations of metabolic factors and expression of MMPs in spinal cord tissues after treatment with ENOblock (100μg/kg, twice). These results support the hypothesis that activation of glial cells and inflammation status can be modulated by regulation of NSE expression and activity. Analysis of SCI tissue samples by immunohistochemistry confirmed that ENOblock decreased gliosis which may have occurred through reduction of elevated NSE in rats. Overall, elevation of NSE is deleterious as it promotes extracellular degradation and production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and metabolic factors which activates glia and damages neurons. Thus, reduction of NSE by ENOblock may have potential therapeutic implications in acute SCI.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Enolase in Reducing Secondary Damage in Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previously studied biomarkers include those of astroglial injury, such as S100β [13], and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) [14], neuronal injury, including neuron specific enolase (NSE) [15], and axonal injury, including tau [16] and spectrin breakdown proteins (SBDPs) [17]. While several of these biomarkers have proven to be of benefit in the setting of moderate to severe TBI, they have been less efficacious in mild TBIs.…”

Section: Serum Studies/biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Perspective on Sports Concussion: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going

Williams

Danan

2016

Curr Pain Headache Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The approach to sports concussion diagnosis and management has been evolving at an unprecedented rate over the last several years. So much so, that committees at all level of sports have implemented concussion protocols and made adjustments to certain league rules in an effort to minimize the risk of head injury. With this newfound attention has come an even greater push by the scientific community to address the many questions that remain. The aim of this review article is to present the topic of sports concussion by means of discreet eras. It begins by introducing the very first mentions of concussion, dating back to ancient Greece, to present day, highlighting important periods along the way. It then goes on to review emerging scientific data, from biomarkers and serum studies, to imaging modalities, and brain networking. All of which will hopefully contribute to both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to sports concussion.

show abstract

“…Several reports on serum NSE measurements of mild TBI have been published. 59, 61–64 Many of these studies either contained inadequate control groups or concluded that serum NSE had limited utility as a marker of neuronal damage. Early levels of NSE and MBP concentrations have been correlated with outcome in children, particularly those under 4 years of age.…”

Section: Biofluid Biomarkers Of Neuronal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Blood-based Biomarkers for Concussion

Papa

2016

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mounting research in the field of sports concussion biomarkers has led to a greater understanding of the effects of brain injury from sports. A recent systematic review of clinical studies examining biomarkers of brain injury following sports-related concussion established that almost all studies have been published either in or after the year 2000. In an effort to prevent CTE and long-term consequences of concussion, early diagnostic and prognostic tools are becoming increasingly important; particularly in sports and in military personnel, where concussions are common occurrences. Early and tailored management of athletes following a concussion with biomarkers could provide them with the best opportunity to avoid further injury. Should blood-based biomarkers for concussion be validated and become widely available, they could have many roles. For instance, a point-of-care test could be used on the field by trained sport medicine professionals to help detect a concussion. In the clinic or hospital setting, it could be used by clinicians to determine the severity of concussion and be used to screen players for neuroimaging (CT and/or MRI) and further neuropsychological testing. Furthermore, biomarkers could have a role in monitoring progression of injury and recovery and in managing patients at high risk of repeated injury by being incorporated into guidelines for return to duty, work or sports activities. There may even be a role for biomarkers as surrogate measures of efficacy in the assessment of new treatments and therapies for concussion.

show abstract

Prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase levels after head injury

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Targeting Enolase in Reducing Secondary Damage in Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Targeting Enolase in Reducing Secondary Damage in Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

A Historical Perspective on Sports Concussion: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going

Potential Blood-based Biomarkers for Concussion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About