Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for cardiac death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Study DesignProspective observation study.AnimalsNinety-six client-owned cats.MethodsComplete blood count samples were collected from 38 healthy and 58 cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and the NLR ratios were analyzed. All cats had echocardiographic measurements performed on the same day as blood collection. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between echocardiographic measurements and NLR. Long-term outcome data were obtained, and time to cardiac death and variables associated with cardiac death were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.ResultsThe NLR was significantly higher in cats with confirmed congestive heart failure. When evaluating HCM patients, cats in the third NLR tertile had a significantly higher risk of cardiac death with a hazard ratio of 10.26 (95% CI: 1.84–57.14; p = 0.0001) when compared with that of patients in the first tertile. NLR was significantly associated with echocardiographic measures of left atrial size, left auricular function, the presence of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), and thrombus formation.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIncreased NLR is a negative prognostic indicator in cats with HCM.

"An Initial Investigation into the Interrelation of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Feline Coronavirus (FCoV), and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Cats"

“…Furthermore, NLR serves as a valuable biomarker for evaluating diseases such as chronic enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), protein-losing enteropathy, and duodenal lymphangiectasia in dogs [27][28]. Additionally, NLR offers insights into the disease progression in cats and dogs with pancreatitis [24], and it can serve as a useful marker for assessing the prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies in cats [17].…”

“…A study investigating the utility of leukocyte ratios in differentiating SIRS from sepsis in cats found that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with mortality in both SIRS and cats diagnosed sepsis [15]. NLR is used as an easily accessible parameter to assess the patient's inflammatory status and stress [16][17]. NLR is obtained by dividing the total neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count in the complete blood count (CBC) [18].…”

“…At the same time, it provides information about the course of the disease in cats and dogs with pancreatitis [24]. It can be used as a useful marker in the evaluation of the prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies in cats [17]. In response to an increase in glucocorticoids, a decrease in peripheral lymphocyte counts and an increase in neutrophil counts as well as an increase in the NLR are expected.…”

Клінічні Випадки Гіпертрофічної Кардіоміопатії У Котів

“…Типовими морфологічними змінами серцевого м'язу за ГКМП є гіпертрофія і дезорієнтація скоротливих м'язових волокон з поступовим розвитком фіброзу. Масивна гіпертрофія лівого шлуночка (понад 15 мм) відбувається через потовщення вільної стінки і міжшлуночкової перегородки з одночасним зменшенням об'єму порожнини [11][12]. У рідкісних випадках спостерігається гіпертрофія правого шлуночка, частіше асиметричного характеру з частим розвитком обструкції вихідного тракту за відсутності відомих причин.…”

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio and their relationships with inflammatory and antioxidant status in dogs with different stages of heart failure

“…In ammatory cells and signaling pathways are the pathological routes of development and progression of canine CHF (Rubio et al 2020). Besides evaluating the biomarkers of the in ammation such as cytokines (interleukins) and acute phase proteins (APPs; C-reactive protein in cats (Fries et al 2022).…”