Prognostic value of inflammation‐immunity‐nutrition score in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy

Abstract

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Prognostic Value of Inflammation-Immunity-Nutrition Score and Inflammatory Burden Index for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Hepatectomy

“…Recent studies have shown that inflammatory biomarkers are closely associated with postoperative prognosis in patients with cancer, including HCC. 14,[18][19][20] However, the value of IINS and IBI in predicting prognosis in HCC patients after hepatectomy has not been explored. Here, we investigated IINS and IBI as potential predictors of poor DFS and OS and compared the performance of models based on IINS, IBI or both, in combination with other inflammation and nutrition markers and clinical staging systems.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11] The inflammation-immunity-nutrition score (IINS), a combination of C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte (LYM) count and serum albumin (ALB) level, 12 has shown promising prognostic performance in colorectal cancer, 12 endometrial cancer, 13 and HCC treated with therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1. 14 Similarly, the inflammatory burden index (IBI) is also a potential inflammatory biomarker that can be used to predict prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, 15 pancreatic cancer 16 or bladder cancer. 17 To our knowledge, neither the IINS nor IBI has been assessed for its ability to predict prognosis of HCC patients after hepatectomy.…”

Blood-based biomarkers for immune-based therapy in advanced HCC: Promising but a long way to go

“…A recent study defined the inflammation‐immunity‐nutrition score (IINS), which was simply based on highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), LYM, and ALB ( 50 ). HCC Patients with low IINS had longer OS and PFS in response to anti-PD-1, suggesting that IINS may serve as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy ( 51 ).…”

The Association Between Albumin Levels and Survival in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…The 3.5 gr/dL was the most frequently used albumin cut-off in the included studies (n = 20) [25, 31-33, 37, 38, 40-43, 45-52, 54, 56-64], while eight studies evaluated the effect of albumin levels on survival by using albumin as a continuous measure [34,39,44,53,55,[65][66][67]. All but two studies reported HR for OS [25,36,49], while data for PFS was available in the 15 studies [25, 32, 33, 36, 40-42, 48-50, 52, 53, 57, 60, 63, 66]. Most studies tested the prognosis in patients treated with ICI monotherapy and nivolumab was the most commonly used ICI in the studies (n = 21) (Table -…”

“…Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analyses for PFS [25, 32, 33, 36, 40-42, 48-50, 52, 53, 57, 60, 63, 66]. Nine studies were reported signi cantly lower PFS in patients with lower albumin levels, while the association between the albumin levels and PFS was not reached statistical signi cance in remaining six studies [32,49,50,53,57,66]. In the meta-analysis of fteen studies, the patients with lower albumin levels had increased risk of progression or death compared to patients with higher albumin levels (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.39-2.17, p<0.001) (Figure 4).…”