Prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)

Liu, Shiyi; Li, Saijiao; Wang, Yanqing; Wang, Feiyan; Zhang, Li; Shu, Xian; Yang, Dongyong; Yuan, Mengqin; Dai, Fangfang; Zhao, Xin; Liu, Yuping; Jin, Yumeng; Zeng, Zhao-Yi; Mahgoub, Omer Kamal; Zhou, Chenliang; Cheng, Yanxiang

doi:10.1002/jcb.29479

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Taken together, the above analysis and experimental results suggested that ACE2 was low expressed in ccRCC, and higher ACE2 expression was related to better prognosis and pathological features of ccRCC patients. [26]. A recent study through the analysis of various databases indicates that ACE2 expression in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma and Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma was significantly increased, which was positively correlated with immune infiltration and prognosis [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves As A Novel Prognostic Biomarker In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implication For COVID-19

Yang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global infection, and is seriously threatening human life, especially cancer patients. Thus, we sought to determine the clinical roles of ACE2 (the cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2) in ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). TCGA, GEO and TIP datasets, and immunohistochemistry and western blot results were used to determine the prognostic and clinicopathological characteristics of ACE2. ACE2 expression was down-regulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. The multivariate Cox regression analysis results indicated that increased ACE2 expression was independent predictor of longer OS (HR: 0.8259, 95%CI: 0.7734-0.8819, P<0.0001) and RFS (HR: 0.8023, 95%CI: 0.7375-0.8729, P<0.0001) in ccRCC patients. Lower ACE2 expression was also associated with advanced tumor stage, higher histological grade and pathological stage, and metastasis. Besides, ACE2 expression was significantly positively and negatively correlated with CD4 Naïve infiltration and CD4 Memory infiltration, respectively. Moreover, higher CD4 Naïve and lower CD4 Memory infiltration levels were associated with better pathological features and longer OS and RFS. Furthermore, high ACE2 expression group in decreased CD4 Naïve, enriched CD4 Naïve and enriched CD4 memory cohort had favorable prognosis. These findings identified that AEC2 was significantly reduced in ccRCC, and decreased ACE2 was related to worse pathological features and poor prognosis. Low ACE2 expression in ccRCC may partially affect the prognosis due to altered immune cells infiltration levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves As A Novel Prognostic Biomarker In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implication For COVID-19

Yang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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“…Two preceding studies also support our findings and revealed that immune scores calculated by ESTIMATE were associated with poor survival. [ 7 , 9 ] Generally speaking, activated immune T cells are related to a good prognosis of ccRCC. [ 30 ] However, B cells increase in late-stage RCC and can reduce the proportion of T cells in cancer microenvironment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 6 ] It has been reported that immune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in regulating the biological processes of cancer cells. [ 7 ] Previous research has shown that immune scores calculated by gene expression data can be used to infer the infiltration of immune cells and stromal cells in cancer tissues. [ 8 ] In addition, several studies also reported that immune infiltration is correlated with the prognosis of patients with ccRCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8 ] In addition, several studies also reported that immune infiltration is correlated with the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. [ 7 , 9 , 10 ] Nevertheless, these findings have not yet been incorporated into the regular clinical practice of patients with ccRCC. Recently, nomograms have been extensively used to predict the prognosis of patients with cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, [ 11 ] colorectal cancer, [ 12 ] and ccRCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An immune scores-based nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Ouyang²,

Peng

2020

Medicine

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The role of immune cell infiltration in the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has received increasing attention. However, immune scores have not yet been introduced into routine clinical practice of ccRCC patients. The principal objective of our research was to study the correlation between immune scores and overall survival (OS) of ccRCC. In this study, Cox regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with OS of ccRCC based on the Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. Furthermore, an integrated nomogram combining immune scores and clinicopathologic factors was built for predicting 3- and 5-year OS of ccRCC patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve, concordance index, and calibration curves were used for the evaluation of our nomogram. Also, Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis of immune scores, stromal scores, and different clinicopathological factors was performed. A total of 514 patients were divided into the low- or high-immune scores group. KM and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that ccRCC patients with high-immune scores had significantly poor OS compared with those with low-immune scores. Calibration curves showed good consistency between the predicted OS and the actual OS probability. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for 3- and 5-year OS were 0.816 and 0.769, and the concordance index was 0.775, indicating that our nomogram had good accuracy for predicting OS of ccRCC patients. Additionally, KM analysis showed that older age, later T stage, distant metastasis, advanced tumor lymph node metastasis stage, higher tumor grade, left site, and low stromal scores were associated with worse OS in ccRCC patients. High-immune scores show a significant correlation with unsatisfactory prognosis in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, the immune scores-based nomogram may be helpful in predicting ccRCC prognosis.

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“…The ESTIMATE algorithm has been employed in glioblastoma, [ 20 ] bladder cancer, [ 21 ] and renal clear cell carcinoma. [ 22 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRF1-mediated immune cell infiltration is associated with metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma

Shao

Wei

et al. 2020

Medicine

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Background: Evidence suggests that metastasis is chiefly responsible for the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in regulating this biological process. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify crucial metastasis-related biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment and investigate its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Methods: We obtained gene expression profiles and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. According to the “Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissue using Expression data” algorithm, each sample generated the immune and stromal scores. Following correlation analysis, the metastasis-related gene was identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and validated in the GSE40967 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. The correlation between metastasis-related gene and infiltrating immune cells was assessed using the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database. Results: The analysis included 332 patients; the metastatic COAD samples showed a low immune score. Correlation analysis results showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Furthermore, significant associations between IRF1 and CD8+ T cells, T cell (general), dendritic cells, T-helper 1 cells, and T cell exhaustion were demonstrated by Spearmans correlation coefficients and P values. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that IRF1 is associated with metastasis and the degree of immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells (general), dendritic cells, T-helper 1 cells, and T cell exhaustion in COAD. These results may provide information for immunotherapy in colon cancer.

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Prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

ACE2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves As A Novel Prognostic Biomarker In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implication For COVID-19

ACE2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves As A Novel Prognostic Biomarker In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implication For COVID-19

An immune scores-based nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

IRF1-mediated immune cell infiltration is associated with metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma

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