“…These data suggest that a disease-specific definition of anemia in HF populations might consist of cutoff values higher than those proposed by the WHO and NKF. In some studies, an interesting ''U''-shaped relationship between hemoglobin levels and mortality risk has been reported, with lowest mortality risk in the normal hemoglobin range of 13-16 g/dl, and higher mortality risk associated with values both lower and higher than this reference range [8,26,46,47]. In a large cohort study of 59,772 members of Kaiser Permanente in Northern California diagnosed with chronic HF, hemoglobin levels \13 or [17 g/dl were associated with greater risk of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization when compared with a reference group of patients with hemoglobin levels of 13.0-13.9 g/dl.…”