Prognostic value of assessment of stool and serum IL-1β, IL-1ra and IL-6 concentrations in children with active and inactive ulcerative colitis

Abstract

IntroductionInterleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of our study was to evaluate the serum and stool IL-1β, IL-1ra and IL-6 concentrations as potential prognostic factors in children with UC.Material and methodsThirty-eight children with UC (20 active, 18 inactive) and 14 healthy controls were prospectively included in the study. IL-1β, IL-1ra and IL-6 concentrations were measured in serum and stool supernatants at inclusion to the study using ELISA immunoassays. The children were followed up over 5 years, and at each follow-up clinical disease activity, quantity and severity of relapses, nutritional status, endoscopic and histopathologic activity, disease complications and the treatment regimen were evaluated.ResultsIn children with active and inactive UC who had relapsed during a 5-year follow-up period compared to the non-relapse groups we found significantly increased serum IL-1β (1.34 vs. 0.98 pg/ml, p < 0.05, and 1.02 vs. 0.68 pg/ml, p < 0.01, respectively,) and IL-1ra (718.0 vs. 453.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05, and 567.4 vs. 365.1 pg/ml, p < 0.01, respectively). Additionally, in children who had experienced complications during a 5-year follow-up period we observed significantly increased serum and stool IL-1β (p < 0.05) and serum IL-1ra (p < 0.01) compared to the group without complications.ConclusionsWe concluded that serum IL-1β and IL-1ra and to a lesser extend stool IL-1β concentrations may be useful prognostic factors in children with active and inactive UC over a short-term follow-up period, which may help to identify children that require more aggressive therapy due to an increased risk of relapse or complications resulting from UC.

Psoriasis Is Associated With Elevated Gut IL-1α and Intestinal Microbiome Alterations

“…In the current study, we saw trends toward elevation for >60% of the analytes from the stools of psoriatic individuals, although only IL-1α, a cytokine central to the regulation of inflammation ( 18 ), was significantly elevated compared to the controls and remained unchanged in the psoriasis group for up to 3 months after the first visit to the clinic. Elevated cytokines in stool were previously detected in the context of gut inflammation ( 19 , 20 ), while in a murine model of colitis IL-1α secreted by intestinal epithelium was the main driver of immune activation ( 21 ). In psoriasis, IL-1α drives the formation of dermal clusters of T cells and antigen presenting cells and is involved in the development of dermal Th17 responses ( 22 – 24 ).…”

SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and limited inflammatory cytokines are present in the stool of select patients with acute COVID-19

“…The detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome in the stool of multiple donors and the inverse association with fecal consistency led us to investigate if viral infection was causing intestinal inflammation associated with diarrhea among this cohort. Cytokines can be measured in fecal samples, and this method has been used as a sensitive and non-invasive way to monitor intestinal immune responses in inflammatory disease and during enteric infection [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . In particular, fecal levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1b are elevated in the context of acute bacterial or viral gastroenteritis and ulcerative colitis 28,29 .…”

The amelioration of ulcerative colitis induced by Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid with Radix Hedysari

“…Although the exact pathogenesis of UC remains unclear, previous studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of UC involves uncontrolled and hyperactive intestinal mucosal inflammation (Xavier & Podolsky, 2007). Cytokines are related to the synthesis and secretion of immunological mediators and are associated with the severity of inflammatory reactions (Wedrychowicz, Tomasik, Zajac, & Fyderek, 2018). In this study, four inflammatory cytokines in the colon mucosa (Figure 4) were measured to evaluate the severity of UC.…”