Prognostic Significance of the Number of Positive Lymph Nodes in Gallbladder Cancer

Lymph Nodal Involvement as Prognostic Factor in Gallbladder Cancer: Location, Count or Ratio?

“…Investigators from western centres rely on limited nodal dissection involving hepato-duodenal ligament, 13 while those from the east recommend extended lymphadenectomy including paraaortic lymph node dissection. 15 This difference in surgical approach has led to higher lymph nodal yield reported in eastern than western studies. The number of lymph nodes retrieved also depends on performance of concomitant pancreaticoduodenectomy.…”

“…Though the number of patients with single involved node was limited, our results are similar to an earlier reported study. 15 The use of PLNC as a prognostic factor is limited by inherent bias of inadequate number of lymph nodes retrieved or histologically examined which leads to the phenomenon of 'stage migration'. LNR is a better and reproducible method of stratifying nodal status which incorporates not only the burden and biology of disease (PLNC) but also the quality of lymphadenectomy and pathologic examination (TLNC).…”

Current Management of Gallbladder Carcinoma

“…As with many other malignancies, lymphadenectomy is advocated in GBC as a staging procedure [18,31,32]. Formal portal lymphadenectomy, to include the nodal tissue of the hepatoduodenal ligament and portacaval and retroduodenal regions, is strongly recommended, primarily based on data from Japan [31,33].…”

Comparison of CT and MRI for presurgical characterization of paraaortic lymph nodes in patients with pancreatico-biliary carcinoma

“…Although lymphadenectomy followed by histologic examination of the lymph nodes is still the gold standard for determination of metastasis, this procedure is invasive and could cause many surgical complications [8][9][10][11] . Therefore preoperative, noninvasive imaging diagnosis of paraaortic node metastasis is very important [12] . Lymph node staging in the various carcinomas has been extensively discussed in the previous literature [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”