Prognostic role of baseline neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio in metastatic solid tumors

Zucker, Amanda; Winter, Alex; Lumley, Dean; Karwowski, Pawel; Jung, Min-Kyung; Kao, Johnny

doi:10.3892/mco.2020.2095

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The observations that neutrophils frequently accumulate in peripheral blood and resected metastatic cancer tissues of advanced cancer patients [ 9 , 10 ] suggest a possible association between neutrophils and metastasis. Extensive studies have confirmed the causal link between elevated neutrophil counts and increased risk for metastasis as well as poor prognosis [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Player in Cancer Metastasis and Therapeutic Target

Yang

Liu

2021

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are neutrophil-derived extracellular scaffolds, which typically consist of fibrous decondensed chromatins decorated with histones and granule proteins. Initially discovered as a host defence mechanism of neutrophil against pathogens, they have also been implicated in the progression of sterile inflammation-associated diseases such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we highlight and discuss the more recent studies on the roles of NETs in cancer development, with a special focus on cancer metastasis. Moreover, we present the strategies for targeting NETs in pre-clinical models, but also the challenging questions that need to be answered in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Player in Cancer Metastasis and Therapeutic Target

Yang

Liu

2021

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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“…Indeed, this feature can be used as an indicator of systemic inflammation, but it is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in various cancers, including BC. 4 Furthermore, it is currently accepted that an aberrant innate and/or adaptive immune response contributes to tumorigenesis selecting aggressive clones by inducing immunosuppression as well as stimulating cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. 3 As far as breast tissue is concerned, specific immune cells are resident in the breast tissue and contribute to the homeostasis of the mammary gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Breast Tumor Onset on Blood Count, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Lymphoid Subpopulations Supported by Automatic Classification Approach: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Background Recent observations showed that systemic immune changes are detectable in case of breast cancer (BC). In this preliminary study, we investigated routinely measured peripheral blood (PB) parameters for malignant BC cases in comparison to benign breast conditions. Complete blood count, circulating lymphoid subpopulation, and serological carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels were considered. Methods A total of 127 female patients affected by malignant (n = 77, mean age = 63 years, min = 36, max = 90) BC at diagnosis (naïve patients) or benign breast conditions (n = 50, mean age = 33 years, min = 18, max = 60) were included in this study. For each patient, complete blood count and lymphoid subpopulations (T-helper, T-cytotoxic, B-, NK-, and NKT-cells) analysis on PB samples were performed. Hormonal receptor status, Ki-67 expression, and serological CEA and CA15-3 levels were assessed in the case of patients with malignant BC via statistical analysis. Results Women with malignant BC disclosed increased circulating T-helper lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in PB when compared to those affected by benign breast conditions (2.345 vs 1.894, P < .05 Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the case of malignant BC patients, additive logistic regression method was able to identify malignant BC cases with increased CA15-3 levels (CA15-3 >25 UI/mL) via the hematocrit and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio values. Moreover, in the case of women with aggressive malignant BC featured by high levels of Ki-67 proliferation marker, an increasing number of correlations were found among blood count parameters and lymphocytes subpopulations by performing a Spearman’s correlation analysis. Conclusions This preliminary study confirms the ability of malignant BC to determine systemic modifications. The stratification of malignant BC cases according to the Ki-67 proliferation marker highlighted increasing detectable alterations in the periphery of women with aggressive BC. The advent of novel and more sensitive biomarkers, as well as deep immunophenotyping technologies, will provide additional insights for describing the relationship between tumor onset and peripheral alterations.

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“…Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear phagocytes that circulate peripheral blood and function as innate immunity against microbial pathogens. In patients with cancer, especially at advanced stages and after metastasis, the number of circulating neutrophils increases and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with aggressive outcome [101][102][103]. Similarly, in tumor-bearing mice, the number of neutrophils also increases in peripheral blood and is also associated with aggressive outcome and metastatic potential [104,105].…”

Section: Cancer-related Circulating Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Myeloid Cells in Tumors

Dou

Fang

2021

Cancers

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Accumulating studies highlight a critical role of myeloid cells in cancer biology and therapy. The myeloid cells constitute the major components of tumor microenvironment (TME). The most studied tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) include monocytes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells (DCs), cancer-related circulating neutrophils, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These heterogenous myeloid cells perform pro-tumor or anti-tumor function, exerting complex and even opposing effects on all stages of tumor development, such as malignant clonal evolution, growth, survival, invasiveness, dissemination and metastasis of tumor cells. TAMCs also reshape TME and tumor vasculature to favor tumor development. The main function of these myeloid cells is to modulate the behavior of lymphocytes, forming immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive TME cues. In addition, TAMCs play a critical role in modulating the response to cancer therapy. Targeting TAMCs is vigorously tested as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. This review briefly introduces the TAMC subpopulations and their function in tumor cells, TME, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and cancer therapy.

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Prognostic role of baseline neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio in metastatic solid tumors

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Player in Cancer Metastasis and Therapeutic Target

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Player in Cancer Metastasis and Therapeutic Target

Impact of Breast Tumor Onset on Blood Count, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Lymphoid Subpopulations Supported by Automatic Classification Approach: A Pilot Study

Heterogeneous Myeloid Cells in Tumors

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