Prognostic markers in salivary gland cancer and their impact on survival

Abstract

Background The role of molecular markers in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is not well understood. We evaluated molecular marker expression and their prognostic value. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of 124 tumor specimens was performed to determine expression of androgen (AR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed death ligand 1 receptor (PD‐L1), and PD‐L1 in tumor‐infiltrating mononuclear cell (TIMC). Survival outcomes (disease‐free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS]), pT and N classification, margin status, and treatment failure were assessed. Results Most patients (78; 62.9%) had early‐stage SGC. AR positivity and EGFR positivity were detected in 21.0% and 78.6%, respectively, of tumors. AR positivity and PD‐L1 negativity were associated with locally advanced disease. PD‐L1‐negativity was associated with higher recurrence (38.5% vs 0%; P < .001) and worse DFS. OS and DFS were worse in patients with AR+ or HER2+ disease. Conclusions Several molecular markers—AR and HER2 positivity and PD‐L1 negativity—were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Prospective, multi‐institutional trials are needed to determine the prognostic value of these markers.

Multicentre, retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of nivolumab for recurrent and metastatic salivary gland carcinoma

“…In malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry 22,23,28,29 including the presence of PD-L1-expressing immune cells in the tumour microenvironment 52,53 , mismatch repair (MMR)/MSI 29,31 , and TMB [29][30][31] have been reported as biomarkers of ICI response. Based on the findings of previous studies, which showed significantly higher PD-L1 expression and www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ TMB in SDC than those in other tumours [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] , higher therapeutic effects of ICIs are being expected. However, the efficacy of ICI monotherapy for SDC was limited in our cohort.…”

“…Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression 22,23,28,29 and microsatellite instability (MSI) 28,30 are used as companion diagnostic markers; tumour mutation burden (TMB) is also one of the potential biomarkers of ICI response 28,29,31 . While most SGCs are microsatellite stable [32][33][34] , there are no consistent data on PD-L1 expression in SGCs due to the use of different antibodies and evaluation methods among studies [35][36][37][38][39] . Several case series studies of PD-L1 expression in SGCs including multiple histopathological types have showed a significantly higher positivity of PD-L1 in SDC than in other histopathological types of SGC [35][36][37][38][39] .…”

“…While most SGCs are microsatellite stable [32][33][34] , there are no consistent data on PD-L1 expression in SGCs due to the use of different antibodies and evaluation methods among studies [35][36][37][38][39] . Several case series studies of PD-L1 expression in SGCs including multiple histopathological types have showed a significantly higher positivity of PD-L1 in SDC than in other histopathological types of SGC [35][36][37][38][39] . Moreover, SDC is reported to harbour a higher mutational burden than other types of SGC 32,34,[39][40][41] .…”

Prognostic Value of Tumor Proportion Score in Salivary Gland Carcinoma

“…Recent reports have demonstrated an association between PD‐L1 in tumor or immune cells and the prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, few reports have assessed PD‐L1 expression in tumor or immune cells in different types of SGC or the association between PD‐L1 expression and prognosis in SGC patients 22‐24 . Herein, we investigated PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells, immune cells, or both in SGC using TPS, MIDS, and CPS as well as whether these scores and PD‐L1 expression are associated with prognosis.…”

Survival of patients with salivary gland malignancies depending on the molecular profile of the tumor

“…Обсуждение В настоящее время наблюдается дефицит данных о молекулярном профиле рака слюнных желез [12], а сообщения о частоте выявления экспрессии RET в опухолях слюнных желез вообще единичны. При поиске по базе данных PubMed найдены только публикации итальянских исследователей, которые обнаружили ее лишь у 1 из 37 обследованных пациентов, что составляет менее 3 % [15,16].…”