Prognostic factors in the persistence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injuries sustained in war

Eftekhar, Behzad; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Nouralishahi, Banafsheh; Khaji, Ali; Vahabi, Zahra; Ghodsi, Mohammad; Araghizadeh, H; Soroush, Mohammad Reza; Esmaeili, Sima Karbalaei; Masoumi, Maryam

doi:10.3171/2008.4.17519

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The 65% occurrence rate corresponds roughly to results coming from postwar epidemiological studies (Eftekhar et al, 2009; Salazar et al, 1985). In children the rate of late epilepsy following head trauma might be as low as 1% (Leviton and Cowan, 1981).…”

Section: The Trauma-induced Epilepsy Modelsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Post-war epidemiological studies revealed high incidences of recurring seizures in patients 10–20 years after penetrating cranial wounds ranging from 34 to 38% for world war I, world war II, and Korea war, about 53% for Vietnam war (Salazar et al, 1985), and about 75% for Iraq-Iran war (Eftekhar et al, 2009). The higher rate of epilepsy developed following brain trauma in more recent wars was hypothesized to be due to a longer follow-up and to the advancement in modern medicine which saves patients with so severe injuries that they would probably have died in previous wars (Kazemi et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Trauma-induced Epilepsy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most subjects with posttraumatic epilepsy receive anticonvulsants for their entire life (Raymont et al, 2010). Early administration of anticonvulsant medication decreases the percentage of early posttraumatic seizures but does not prevent chronic epilepsy (Chang and Lowenstein, 2003; D’Ambrosio and Perucca, 2004; Eftekhar et al, 2009; Kazemi et al, 2012; Temkin et al, 1999; Temkin et al, 1990). …”

Section: The Trauma-induced Epilepsy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo models of cortical acquired epilepsy

Chauvette

Soltani

Seigneur

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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The neocortex is the site of origin of several forms of acquired epilepsy. Here we provide a brief review of experimental models that were recently developed to study neocortical epileptogenesis as well as some major results obtained with these methods. Most of neocortical seizures appear to be nocturnal and it is known that neuronal activities reveal high levels of synchrony during slow-wave sleep. Therefore, we start the review with a description of mechanisms of neuronal synchronization and major forms of synchronized normal and pathological activities. Then, we describe three experimental models of seizures and epileptogenesis: ketamine-xylazine anesthesia as feline seizure triggered factor, cortical undercut as cortical penetrating wound model and neocortical kindling. Besides specific technical details describing these models we also provide major features of pathological brain activities recorded during epileptogenesis and seizures. The most common feature of all models of neocortical epileptogenesis is the increased duration of network silent states that up-regulates neuronal excitability and eventually leads to epilepsy.

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Section: The Trauma-induced Epilepsy Modelsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: The Trauma-induced Epilepsy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Trauma-induced Epilepsy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo models of cortical acquired epilepsy

Chauvette

Soltani

Seigneur

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…Although nearly all reports of traumatic brain injury derive from combatants and veterans, several studies from Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, and Lebanon have looked at civilian injuries. In recent years, pediatric traumatic brain injury,4, 5 self‐inflicted head injury,6 and secondary neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury, including intracranial infection,7–9 post‐traumatic epilepsy,10, 11 and chronic headache,12, 13 have received greater attention. Secondary neurological complications may exist in up to 35% of penetrating brain injuries 7.…”

Section: Armed Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders in complex humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters

Mateen

2010

Annals of Neurology

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Complex humanitarian emergencies include the relatively acute, severe, and overwhelming health consequences of armed conflict, food scarcity, mass displacement, and political strife. Neurological manifestations of complex humanitarian emergencies are important and underappreciated consequences of emergencies in populations worldwide. This review critically assesses the existing knowledge of the range of neurological disorders that accompany complex humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters in both the acute phase of crisis and the "long shadow" that follows.

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“…2,3 The risk of a military veteran developing posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE; i.e., the development of recurrent, spontaneous seizures more than 1 week after head injury) in this setting is extremely high, and the observations from different wars have been remarkably consistent. 5 The incidence of PTE in the civilian population has been more difficult to determine due to a lack of uniformity in the definition of severity of head trauma. 4 Initial prospective, longitudinal follow-up of 1,221 Vietnam veterans with penetrating injuries 15 years previously revealed that 53% had PTE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%