Prognostic Factors in Penile Cancer

Ficarra, Vincenzo; Akduman, Bülent; Bouchot, Olivier; Palou, Joan; Tobias-Machado, Marcos

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2010.04.008

Cited by 152 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Consistent with a previous report, 21 inguinal lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with worse clinical outcome (p D 0.001, Table 1). Moreover, positive PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was associated with a shorter CSS (p D 0.003, Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Association Of Pd-l1 Expression and Cd8 C Tils With Css In Psupporting

confidence: 92%

Tumor PD-L1 expression is correlated with increased TILs and poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Deng

Guo

et al. 2017

OncoImmunology

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Despite its rare incidence worldwide, penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC) still presents with significant morbidity and mortality due to the limited treatment options for advanced patients, especially those in developing countries. The program death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) axis has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor immune escape, and immunotherapies targeting this pathway have shown great success in certain cancer types. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of PD-L1 in tumor cells and tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in PeSCC with a multi-center cohort. We found that the majority of PeSCCs (53.4%) were PD-L1-positive and that high PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was associated with a poor prognosis. Notably, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with the extent of TILs and CD8 C TILs. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that PD-L1 was positively correlated with interferon-gamma (IFNg) and CD8 C gene expression. Moreover, we defined the constitutive and inducible surface expression of PD-L1 in newly established primary PeSCC cell lines. Interestingly, two PeSCC cell lines had high intrinsic PD-L1 expression. Another cell line showed low PD-L1 expression, but the PD-L1 expression could be induced by IFNg stimulation. Overall, our data showed that high PD-L1 expression in penile tumor cells indicated a poor prognosis. The upregulation of PD-L1 in PeSCC included both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. These findings indicated that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma.

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Section: Association Of Pd-l1 Expression and Cd8 C Tils With Css In Psupporting

confidence: 92%

Tumor PD-L1 expression is correlated with increased TILs and poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Deng

Guo

et al. 2017

OncoImmunology

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“…Penile squamous cell carcinoma is commonly characterized by regional lymph node spread in a stepwise pattern before distant metastases. Rather than clinicopathological features of the primary disease, the presence and the extent of lymphatic metastases to the ilioinguinal region are the most important prognostic factor for survival [4][5][6] [ ] . A pooled analysis of 217 penile cancer patients showed an average 5-year survival of 77% in those with two or less positive lymph nodes, compared with only 25% when a greater number of nodal involvement was presented 4 [ ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymph node metastases and prognosis in penile cancer

Zhu

2012

Chin. J. Cancer Res.

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Lymph node status is a key prognostic factor in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Recently, growing evidence indicates a multimodality approach consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by consolidation surgery improves the outcome of locally advanced penile cancer. Thus, accurate estimation of survival probability in node-positive penile cancer is critical for treatment decision making, counseling of patients and follow-up scheduling. This article reviewed evolving developments in assessing the risk for cancer progression based on lymph node related variables, such as the number of metastatic lymph nodes, bilateral lymph node metastases, the ratio of positive lymph nodes, extracapsular extension of metastatic lymph nodes, pelvic lymph node metastases, metastatic deposit in sentinel lymph nodes and N stage in TNM classification. Controversial issues surrounding the prognostic value of these nodal related predictors were also discussed.

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“…(16) The high mortality from this disease is due to neglect and fear of seeking health services as soon as noticing something wrong in the penis, and also because of the great locoregional expansion of the tumor. (9,13) Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. The variation of treatment modalities depend on clinical presentation and may include topical chemotherapy, surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, laser excision or ablation, systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(9)(10)(11)(12) The main factor of unfavorable prognosis for patients with cancer of the penis is the presence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes. (13) The high mortality from this disease occurs due to the delay in seeking treatment, which occurs on average a year after the appearance of the first symptoms. (9) In general, patients seek health services with the disease at advanced stage, thus hindering the possibility of effective treatment and progressing to death in two to three years on average.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from penile cancer

Silva

Nascimento

et al. 2014

Acta paul. enferm.

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Objective: Describing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from cancer of the penis. Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 183 deaths registered in a public information system on mortality that had penile cancer as the primary cause of mortality. It was used descriptive statistics and the mortality rate was calculated. Results: The mean coefficient of mortality was 0.45/100,000 that is an increase of 19.04%. The demographic data revealed a higher prevalence in men aged 60 years or older (50.8%), brown (54.1%), married (47.6%), retired (24%) and residents of the metropolitan region (44.8%). Conclusion: The demographic and epidemiological aspects revealed increase of mortality rates from cancer in the penis. ResumoObjetivo: Descrever os aspectos demográficos e epidemiológicos da mortalidade por câncer no pênis. Métodos: Estudo transversal constituído por 183 óbitos registrados em um sistema público de informação sobre mortalidade que tiveram como causa básica de morte o câncer no pênis. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e foi calculado o coeficiente de mortalidade. Resultados: O coeficiente de mortalidade médio foi de 0,45/100 mil, com acréscimo de 19,04%. Os dados sociodemográficos revelaram um maior acometimento nos homens na faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais (50,8%), da cor parda (54,1%), casados (47,6%), aposentados (24%) e residentes em região metropolitana (44,8%). Conclusão: Os aspectos demográficos e epidemiológicos revelaram aumento no coeficiente de mortalidade por câncer no pênis.

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Prognostic Factors in Penile Cancer

Cited by 152 publications

References 38 publications

Tumor PD-L1 expression is correlated with increased TILs and poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Tumor PD-L1 expression is correlated with increased TILs and poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Lymph node metastases and prognosis in penile cancer

Demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from penile cancer

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